無機—有機混合改良劑對酸性多金屬污染土壤的修復效應
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-26 11:33
【摘要】：目前,重金屬污染土壤的修復方法主要包括物理修復、化學修復和生物修復,其中化學修復通常采用土壤改良劑,通過與土壤中的重金屬發(fā)生吸附、沉淀、絡合等各種反應,改變土壤重金屬的賦存形態(tài),從而降低其遷移性與生物有效性。這種原位化學改良方法操作簡單、快速有效、費用成本低,適合于我國這種大面積中低度重金屬污染土壤的治理。通常情況下,受礦業(yè)廢水污染的土壤常為酸性多金屬污染土壤,由于不同改良劑對不同重金屬的作用機理和效果不同,單一改良劑通常難以達到很好的綜合治理目標。因此,篩選出效果好、成本低、持效時間更長的混合改良劑顯得尤為重要。本論文試圖通過盆栽試驗和田間試驗,篩選出適合于治理受廣東省韶關市大寶山礦業(yè)活動污染的酸性多金屬污染土壤的無機-有機混合改良劑,為今后該地區(qū)的酸性多金屬污染土壤的原位化學改良技術提供修復材料和理論依據(jù)。本論文取得的主要研究結果如下:(1)在盆栽試驗中,“石灰+沸石+磷酸鹽+有機肥”無機-有機混合改良劑處理土壤后,土壤pH值顯著增加,土壤中Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn有效態(tài)濃度顯著降低;土壤可交換態(tài)Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn含量所占比例顯著降低,鐵錳氧化物結合態(tài)Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn含量所占比例顯著升高,土壤中重金屬的生物有效性大大降低,從而有效減少了植物對重金屬的吸收。其中鈣鎂磷肥對酸性多金屬污染土壤的改良效果比磷礦粉更佳。(2)在田間試驗中,混合改良劑能夠顯著提高土壤pH值和降低土壤中Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn有效態(tài)含量,油麥菜能夠在改良后的土壤上健康生長,其產(chǎn)量顯著提高,其中無機-有機混合改良劑劑比無機混合改良劑效果更佳,磷礦粉在改良土壤的實際應用更為經(jīng)濟且更具有長效性。6種無機-有機混合改良劑中,“石灰石+沸石+磷礦粉+有機肥”的混合改良劑更具有應用前景。土壤改良后,油麥菜地上部的Cd、Cu、Zn含量達到國家食品標準,Pb含量在改良后顯著降低,但仍超出國家食品標準的上限值。因此,要保障蔬菜作物在大寶山周邊的酸性多金屬污染土壤上的安全生產(chǎn),還需要配合種植Pb低累積作物來實現(xiàn)。(3)高通量測序分析發(fā)現(xiàn),大寶山礦區(qū)酸性多重金屬污染土壤中的微生物的優(yōu)勢菌種主要有變形菌門(Proteobacteria)、酸桿菌門(Acidobacteria)、放線菌門(Actinobacteria)、擬桿菌門(Bacteroidetes)、硝化螺旋菌門(Nitrospirae)等。混合改良劑能夠顯著提高土壤中微生物的活性、豐富度和物種多樣性。改良后的土壤中變形菌門的相對豐度有所降低,酸桿菌門的相對豐度顯著提高,不同的改良劑對土壤微生物群落結構和多樣性的影響存在較大差異。
[Abstract]:At present, remediation methods of heavy metal contaminated soil mainly include physical remediation, chemical remediation and bioremediation. Among them, chemical remediation usually uses soil modifier, through adsorption, precipitation, complexation and other reactions with heavy metals in soil. To reduce the migration and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils by changing their occurrence forms. This in situ chemical improvement method is simple, rapid and effective, and low cost, which is suitable for the treatment of heavy metal contaminated soil in large area of our country. In general, the soil polluted by mining wastewater is usually acidic polymetallic soil. Because different modifiers have different mechanism and effect on different heavy metals, it is difficult for single modifier to achieve the goal of comprehensive treatment. Therefore, it is very important to screen out the mixed modifier with good effect, low cost and longer lasting time. Through pot experiment and field experiment, this paper tries to select the inorganic organic mixed modifier suitable for the treatment of acidic polymetallic contaminated soil polluted by mining activities in Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province. This paper provides the remediation materials and theoretical basis for the in situ chemical improvement of acidic polymetallic contaminated soils in this area. The main results obtained in this paper are as follows: (1) in pot experiment, the pH value of soil increased significantly and the available concentration of CdPbPbCuZn in soil decreased significantly after the treatment of "Lime zeolite Phosphate Organic Fertilizer" inorganic organic mixed modifier; The content of Cu ~ (+) Zn in exchangeable CD ~ (2 +) Pb ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) decreased significantly, and the proportion of Fe ~ (2 +) -manganese oxide bound CD ~ (2 +) Pb ~ (2 +) Cu ~ (2 +) Zn increased significantly, and the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil decreased greatly, which effectively reduced the absorption of heavy metals by plants. The effect of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer on the improvement of acidic polymetallic contaminated soil was better than that of phosphate rock powder. (2) in the field experiment, the mixed modifier could significantly increase the pH value of soil and reduce the available state content of CdPbPbCU Zn in soil. Oatmeal can grow healthily in the improved soil, and its yield is significantly increased. The effect of inorganic organic modifier is better than that of inorganic mixed modifier. The application of phosphate rock powder in improving soil is more economical and has a long term effect of 6 kinds of inorganic organic mixed modifier, and the mixture of "limestone zeolite phosphate rock powder organic fertilizer" has more application prospect. After soil improvement, the content of CD ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) Cu ~ (2 +) in the aboveground part of oatmeal was significantly lower than that of the national food standard, but it still exceeded the upper limit of the national food standard. Therefore, in order to ensure the safe production of vegetable crops in acidic polymetallic contaminated soils around Dabaoshan, it is also necessary to cooperate with the cultivation of low-accumulation Pb crops. (3) High-throughput sequencing analysis shows that, The dominant microbes in the soil contaminated by many heavy metals in Dabaoshan mine are mainly Proteus, (Proteobacteria), actinomycetes, (Acidobacteria), actinomycetes, (Actinobacteria), (Bacteroidetes), (Bacteroidetes), Helicobacter nitrificans, (Nitrospirae), and so on. The mixed modifier can significantly improve the microbial activity, richness and species diversity in soil. The relative abundance of Proteus in the improved soil was decreased, and the relative abundance of acidobacterium was significantly increased. The effects of different modifiers on the structure and diversity of soil microbial community were different.
【學位授予單位】：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X53
本文編號：2145876
[Abstract]:At present, remediation methods of heavy metal contaminated soil mainly include physical remediation, chemical remediation and bioremediation. Among them, chemical remediation usually uses soil modifier, through adsorption, precipitation, complexation and other reactions with heavy metals in soil. To reduce the migration and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils by changing their occurrence forms. This in situ chemical improvement method is simple, rapid and effective, and low cost, which is suitable for the treatment of heavy metal contaminated soil in large area of our country. In general, the soil polluted by mining wastewater is usually acidic polymetallic soil. Because different modifiers have different mechanism and effect on different heavy metals, it is difficult for single modifier to achieve the goal of comprehensive treatment. Therefore, it is very important to screen out the mixed modifier with good effect, low cost and longer lasting time. Through pot experiment and field experiment, this paper tries to select the inorganic organic mixed modifier suitable for the treatment of acidic polymetallic contaminated soil polluted by mining activities in Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province. This paper provides the remediation materials and theoretical basis for the in situ chemical improvement of acidic polymetallic contaminated soils in this area. The main results obtained in this paper are as follows: (1) in pot experiment, the pH value of soil increased significantly and the available concentration of CdPbPbCuZn in soil decreased significantly after the treatment of "Lime zeolite Phosphate Organic Fertilizer" inorganic organic mixed modifier; The content of Cu ~ (+) Zn in exchangeable CD ~ (2 +) Pb ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) decreased significantly, and the proportion of Fe ~ (2 +) -manganese oxide bound CD ~ (2 +) Pb ~ (2 +) Cu ~ (2 +) Zn increased significantly, and the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil decreased greatly, which effectively reduced the absorption of heavy metals by plants. The effect of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer on the improvement of acidic polymetallic contaminated soil was better than that of phosphate rock powder. (2) in the field experiment, the mixed modifier could significantly increase the pH value of soil and reduce the available state content of CdPbPbCU Zn in soil. Oatmeal can grow healthily in the improved soil, and its yield is significantly increased. The effect of inorganic organic modifier is better than that of inorganic mixed modifier. The application of phosphate rock powder in improving soil is more economical and has a long term effect of 6 kinds of inorganic organic mixed modifier, and the mixture of "limestone zeolite phosphate rock powder organic fertilizer" has more application prospect. After soil improvement, the content of CD ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) Cu ~ (2 +) in the aboveground part of oatmeal was significantly lower than that of the national food standard, but it still exceeded the upper limit of the national food standard. Therefore, in order to ensure the safe production of vegetable crops in acidic polymetallic contaminated soils around Dabaoshan, it is also necessary to cooperate with the cultivation of low-accumulation Pb crops. (3) High-throughput sequencing analysis shows that, The dominant microbes in the soil contaminated by many heavy metals in Dabaoshan mine are mainly Proteus, (Proteobacteria), actinomycetes, (Acidobacteria), actinomycetes, (Actinobacteria), (Bacteroidetes), (Bacteroidetes), Helicobacter nitrificans, (Nitrospirae), and so on. The mixed modifier can significantly improve the microbial activity, richness and species diversity in soil. The relative abundance of Proteus in the improved soil was decreased, and the relative abundance of acidobacterium was significantly increased. The effects of different modifiers on the structure and diversity of soil microbial community were different.
【學位授予單位】：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X53
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，本文編號：2145876
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