重金屬及農(nóng)藥對(duì)土壤酶活性的影響和吊蘭植物富集Cd，Zn的研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-24 16:13
【摘要】：本文首先研究了Cd,Zn對(duì)寬葉吊蘭和牽牛花根際土壤酶活性的影響。結(jié)果表明,在本試驗(yàn)條件下Cd、Zn單一和復(fù)合污染,對(duì)2組供試植物根際土壤脲酶活性抑制作用最大,脲酶敏感性最強(qiáng),其次是蔗糖酶和過(guò)氧化氫酶。因此,可以將脲酶作為檢測(cè)Cd、Zn污染的指標(biāo)之一。在Cd、Zn單一及復(fù)合污染條件下,吊蘭組根際土壤脲酶,蔗糖酶和過(guò)氧化氫酶的活性均大于牽�；ńM,說(shuō)明吊蘭對(duì)Cd、Zn污染有較強(qiáng)的抗性和適應(yīng)性,對(duì)Cd、Zn污染土壤的修復(fù)有一定的潛力。Cd、Zn復(fù)合污染對(duì)吊蘭組和牽牛花組根際土壤脲酶表現(xiàn)出較弱的拮抗作用,在Cd50+Zn1000處理濃度下表現(xiàn)為協(xié)同作用;Cd、Zn復(fù)合污染對(duì)蔗糖酶在Cd1+Zn200,Cd5+Zn400處理濃度下表現(xiàn)為拮抗作用,其他組別表現(xiàn)為協(xié)同作用;Cd、Zn復(fù)合污染對(duì)過(guò)氧化氫酶表現(xiàn)為協(xié)同作用。復(fù)合污染對(duì)土壤酶抑制作用為CdZn。其次,本文選取寬葉吊蘭作為修復(fù)植物,研究其對(duì)土壤中Cd,Zn的吸附能力和生長(zhǎng)狀況的影響。結(jié)果表明,低濃度的Cd(CCd=5 mg·kg-1)能促進(jìn)吊蘭葉綠素的合成,高濃度的Cd(5 mg·kg-1)抑制了葉綠素的合成。吊蘭根系對(duì)Cd的抗性較差,轉(zhuǎn)移至地上部分的能力較差,富集系數(shù)較低,因此,吊蘭不具備Cd超富集植物的潛力,但仍有一定的富集能力。低濃度的Zn(≤400 mg·kg-1)對(duì)植物生長(zhǎng)有一定的促進(jìn)作用。吊蘭根系對(duì)Zn有一定的抗性;吊蘭的遷移系數(shù)和富集系數(shù)都較低,不能作為Zn超富集植物。吊蘭對(duì)Cd的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)能力和富集能力要弱于Zn。然后,模擬研究?jī)煞N殺菌劑代森錳鋅和百菌清對(duì)土壤酶活性的影響,結(jié)果表明在代森錳鋅和百菌清不同處理濃度下,培養(yǎng)期間(1至12天)三種酶活性的變化趨勢(shì)均為升高-降低-平緩。較低濃度的代森錳鋅和百菌清對(duì)土壤脲酶,蔗糖酶和過(guò)氧化氫酶有激活作用,較高濃度的代森錳鋅和百菌清對(duì)土壤3種酶活性有抑制作用。對(duì)比2種農(nóng)藥對(duì)土壤脲酶,蔗糖酶和過(guò)氧化氫酶的抑制率,代森錳鋅各項(xiàng)抑制率均要高于百菌清,說(shuō)明代森錳鋅對(duì)土壤生態(tài)的毒性要大于百菌清。不同處理濃度下的代森錳鋅,比較3種酶活性抑制率,脲酶蔗糖酶過(guò)氧化氫酶;不同處理濃度下的百菌清,3種酶活性的抑制率為脲酶蔗糖酶過(guò)氧化氫酶。表明脲酶對(duì)代森錳鋅和百菌清的影響較為敏感,能夠作為土壤污染的指標(biāo)之一。最后,模擬了代森錳鋅和Cd復(fù)合污染對(duì)農(nóng)田土和大棚土的土壤酶活性的影響。結(jié)果表明,低濃度的代森錳鋅和Cd復(fù)合處理對(duì)農(nóng)田和大棚土壤中脲酶和過(guò)氧化氫酶有激活作用。較高濃度的復(fù)合處理會(huì)對(duì)農(nóng)田和大棚土壤中脲酶和過(guò)氧化氫酶有抑制作用,并隨處理濃度的升高而加強(qiáng)。不同濃度下代森錳鋅和Cd復(fù)合處理對(duì)2種土壤中蔗糖酶的活性為抑制作用。對(duì)于農(nóng)田土壤,代森錳鋅和Cd復(fù)合處理對(duì)其3種土壤酶的活性影響大小為脲酶蔗糖酶過(guò)氧化氫酶。對(duì)于大棚土壤,代森錳鋅和Cd復(fù)合處理對(duì)其3種土壤酶的活性影響大小為脲酶過(guò)氧化氫酶蔗糖酶。與大棚土壤相比,農(nóng)田土壤對(duì)代森錳鋅和Cd的復(fù)合作用有較強(qiáng)的抗性。
[Abstract]:The effects of Cd and Zn on the enzyme activity of rhizosphere soil of Chlorophytum wide and morning glory were studied in this paper. The results showed that, under the conditions of Cd, Zn single and compound pollution, the urease activity in the rhizosphere soil of the 2 groups was the greatest, the urease sensitivity was the strongest, and the second was the sugarcane enzyme and catalase. Therefore, urease could be used as a test. The activity of urease, invertase and catalase in the rhizosphere soil of the Chlorophytum group was greater than that of the morning flower group under the condition of Cd, Zn single and compound pollution. It indicated that the Chlorophytum had strong resistance and adaptability to Cd and Zn pollution, and had a certain potential.Cd for the remediation of Cd, Zn contaminated soil, and Zn compound pollution to Chlorophytum and lead cattle. The urease in the rhizosphere soil of the flower group showed a weak antagonism and exhibited synergistic action under the concentration of Cd50+Zn1000. The compound pollution of Cd, Zn was antagonistic to the concentration of invertase at Cd1+Zn200, Cd5+Zn400 treatment concentration, and the other groups were synergistic; Cd, Zn compound pollution had synergistic effect on catalase. The inhibition of soil enzyme was CdZn.. The effect of chlorophyllin on the adsorption capacity and growth of Cd and Zn in soil was studied in this paper. The results showed that low concentration of Cd (CCd=5 mg. Kg-1) could promote the synthesis of chlorophyl, and the high concentration of Cd (5 mg kg-1) inhibited the synthesis of chlorophyll. The root of chlorophyllin to Cd The resistance is poor, the ability to transfer to the upper part is poor and the enrichment coefficient is low. Therefore, Chlorophytum has no potential for Cd hyperenrichment plants, but still has a certain enrichment ability. Low concentration of Zn (less than 400 mg. Kg-1) has a certain promotion effect on plant growth. The root system of Chlorophytum has certain resistance to Zn; the migration coefficient and enrichment factor of Chlorophytum are all more than that of Chlorophytum. It is low and can not be used as a Zn hyperconcentration plant. The transport and enrichment of Chlorophytum on Cd is weaker than that of Zn., and then the effects of two fungicides on the activity of soil enzyme are simulated. The results show that under the different concentration of mancozeb and chlorothalonil, the changes of the activity of three enzymes during the incubation period (1 to 12 days) are all increased. The lower concentration of mancozeb and chlorothalonil could activate the soil urease, invertase and catalase, and the higher concentration of mancozeb and chlorothalonil inhibited the activity of 3 kinds of soil enzymes. The inhibition rates of 2 pesticides on soil urease, sucrase and catalase were higher than those of the 2 kinds of pesticides. The toxicity of mancozeb on soil ecology is greater than that of chlorothalonil. The activity inhibition rate of 3 enzymes, urease sucrase catalase, urease sucrase and urease sucrase catalase are compared with the urease sucrase activity. The results show that urease to the mancozeb and 100% of the urease. In the end, the effects of mancozeb and Cd compound pollution on soil enzyme activity in soil and greenhouse soil were simulated. The results showed that the low concentration of mancozeb and Cd compound treatment could activate the urea enzyme and catalase in farmland and greenhouse soil. The compound treatment could inhibit the urease and catalase in farmland and greenhouse soil, and strengthened with the increase of treatment concentration. Under different concentrations, mancozin and Cd compound treatment could inhibit the activity of sugarcane sugar enzyme in 2 soils. For farmland soil, the effects of mancozon and Cd compound treatment on the activity of the 3 Soil enzymes The size of the urease sucrase was catalase. For the greenhouse soil, the activity of the 3 soil enzyme activities of the mancozeb and Cd compound treatment was urease catalase invertase. Compared with the greenhouse soil, the farmland soil had a strong resistance to the combination of the mancozeb and the Cd.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X53;X173
本文編號(hào)：2141925
[Abstract]:The effects of Cd and Zn on the enzyme activity of rhizosphere soil of Chlorophytum wide and morning glory were studied in this paper. The results showed that, under the conditions of Cd, Zn single and compound pollution, the urease activity in the rhizosphere soil of the 2 groups was the greatest, the urease sensitivity was the strongest, and the second was the sugarcane enzyme and catalase. Therefore, urease could be used as a test. The activity of urease, invertase and catalase in the rhizosphere soil of the Chlorophytum group was greater than that of the morning flower group under the condition of Cd, Zn single and compound pollution. It indicated that the Chlorophytum had strong resistance and adaptability to Cd and Zn pollution, and had a certain potential.Cd for the remediation of Cd, Zn contaminated soil, and Zn compound pollution to Chlorophytum and lead cattle. The urease in the rhizosphere soil of the flower group showed a weak antagonism and exhibited synergistic action under the concentration of Cd50+Zn1000. The compound pollution of Cd, Zn was antagonistic to the concentration of invertase at Cd1+Zn200, Cd5+Zn400 treatment concentration, and the other groups were synergistic; Cd, Zn compound pollution had synergistic effect on catalase. The inhibition of soil enzyme was CdZn.. The effect of chlorophyllin on the adsorption capacity and growth of Cd and Zn in soil was studied in this paper. The results showed that low concentration of Cd (CCd=5 mg. Kg-1) could promote the synthesis of chlorophyl, and the high concentration of Cd (5 mg kg-1) inhibited the synthesis of chlorophyll. The root of chlorophyllin to Cd The resistance is poor, the ability to transfer to the upper part is poor and the enrichment coefficient is low. Therefore, Chlorophytum has no potential for Cd hyperenrichment plants, but still has a certain enrichment ability. Low concentration of Zn (less than 400 mg. Kg-1) has a certain promotion effect on plant growth. The root system of Chlorophytum has certain resistance to Zn; the migration coefficient and enrichment factor of Chlorophytum are all more than that of Chlorophytum. It is low and can not be used as a Zn hyperconcentration plant. The transport and enrichment of Chlorophytum on Cd is weaker than that of Zn., and then the effects of two fungicides on the activity of soil enzyme are simulated. The results show that under the different concentration of mancozeb and chlorothalonil, the changes of the activity of three enzymes during the incubation period (1 to 12 days) are all increased. The lower concentration of mancozeb and chlorothalonil could activate the soil urease, invertase and catalase, and the higher concentration of mancozeb and chlorothalonil inhibited the activity of 3 kinds of soil enzymes. The inhibition rates of 2 pesticides on soil urease, sucrase and catalase were higher than those of the 2 kinds of pesticides. The toxicity of mancozeb on soil ecology is greater than that of chlorothalonil. The activity inhibition rate of 3 enzymes, urease sucrase catalase, urease sucrase and urease sucrase catalase are compared with the urease sucrase activity. The results show that urease to the mancozeb and 100% of the urease. In the end, the effects of mancozeb and Cd compound pollution on soil enzyme activity in soil and greenhouse soil were simulated. The results showed that the low concentration of mancozeb and Cd compound treatment could activate the urea enzyme and catalase in farmland and greenhouse soil. The compound treatment could inhibit the urease and catalase in farmland and greenhouse soil, and strengthened with the increase of treatment concentration. Under different concentrations, mancozin and Cd compound treatment could inhibit the activity of sugarcane sugar enzyme in 2 soils. For farmland soil, the effects of mancozon and Cd compound treatment on the activity of the 3 Soil enzymes The size of the urease sucrase was catalase. For the greenhouse soil, the activity of the 3 soil enzyme activities of the mancozeb and Cd compound treatment was urease catalase invertase. Compared with the greenhouse soil, the farmland soil had a strong resistance to the combination of the mancozeb and the Cd.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X53;X173
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，本文編號(hào)：2141925
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