發(fā)布時間：2018-07-04 17:23

  本文選題：小麥 + 重金屬　； 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：煤礦生產(chǎn)和利用過程中產(chǎn)生的重金屬使附近農(nóng)田土壤受到污染,通過生物富集導(dǎo)致農(nóng)作物污染。然而土壤中的重金屬含量并不是農(nóng)作物重金屬污染的唯一原因,很多研究結(jié)果表明,植物葉片從大氣中吸收的重金屬也是導(dǎo)致的農(nóng)作物污染原因之一。因此,查明徐州北郊礦區(qū)小麥中重金屬污染來源,對礦區(qū)重金屬污染的治理以及糧食安全管理有著重要意義。本論文通過測定研究區(qū)域內(nèi)成熟期小麥根、莖葉、穎殼、籽實(shí)中的重金屬含量,評價小麥籽實(shí)食用安全性以及人體攝入健康風(fēng)險;結(jié)合相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果、小麥幼苗對不同環(huán)境因子響應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果以及污染源調(diào)查結(jié)果,探討小麥重金屬污染的來源。最終得出以下結(jié)論:(1)與我國農(nóng)業(yè)行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及我國糧食衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相比,研究區(qū)域內(nèi)24個采樣點(diǎn)位的小麥籽實(shí)中Pb、Cd、As、Cr四種重金屬分別超標(biāo)1.65倍、0.10倍、0.60倍、1.51倍,而Cu、Zn兩種重金屬均未超過標(biāo)準(zhǔn),重金屬空間分布特征表明重金屬含量超標(biāo)與煤礦工業(yè)分布關(guān)系密切。(2)研究區(qū)域內(nèi)小麥籽實(shí)中重金屬單因子污染指數(shù)特征為:PbCrAsCdCuZn。重金屬經(jīng)口攝入途徑對人體造成的健康風(fēng)險順序?yàn)锳sPbCuCdZnCr。Zn、Cu在成熟期小麥不同器官中的含量大小依次為:根部籽實(shí)莖葉穎殼;Cd、Pb、As在成熟期小麥不同器官中的含量大小依次為根部穎殼莖葉籽實(shí);而Cr在成熟期小麥不同器官中的含量大小依次為穎殼莖葉根部籽實(shí)。研究區(qū)域內(nèi)的小麥根部重金屬含量所占比例較低,這與農(nóng)作物受土壤源污染的一般研究結(jié)果不相符,可能受研究區(qū)域大氣污染的影響。(3)籽實(shí)中的Pb、Cd、Cr、As兩兩之間有顯著的相關(guān)性;籽食中的Cr與根、穎殼中的Cr有極顯著的相關(guān)性;而籽食中的Pb、Cd、As與土壤以及其它器官重金屬含量之間沒有顯著相關(guān)性。籽食中的Cu與土壤、根、莖葉、穎殼中Cu含量有顯著的相關(guān)性;籽食中的Zn與根、莖葉、穎殼中的Zn含量有極顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系。(4)分別在礦區(qū)和礦大校園進(jìn)行了小麥幼苗種植實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)過Na2-EDTA的處理后種植在礦區(qū)的小麥幼苗與種植在礦大校園的樣品相比,六種重金屬含量都有比較明顯的減少;與種植于礦大校園的小麥幼苗樣品相比,種植于礦區(qū)的小麥幼苗根尖細(xì)胞細(xì)胞核多泡化嚴(yán)重,核內(nèi)無序,葉片細(xì)胞葉綠體膨脹,結(jié)構(gòu)凌亂,進(jìn)一步說明小麥污染與區(qū)域的大氣環(huán)境具有較大相關(guān)性。
[Abstract]:The heavy metals produced in the production and utilization of coal mines pollute the soil of nearby farmland and result in the pollution of crops through bioenrichment. However, the content of heavy metals in soil is not the only reason for heavy metal pollution in crops. Many studies have shown that heavy metals absorbed by plant leaves from the atmosphere are also one of the causes of crop pollution. Therefore, it is of great significance to find out the source of heavy metal pollution in wheat in Xuzhou northern suburb and to control heavy metal pollution and food safety management. In this paper, the contents of heavy metals in wheat roots, stems, leaves, spikelets and seeds at maturity in the region were measured to evaluate the food safety and health risks of wheat seeds, and the results of correlation analysis were used. The experimental results of wheat seedling response to different environmental factors and the investigation results of pollution sources were used to investigate the sources of heavy metal pollution in wheat seedlings. The conclusions are as follows: (1) compared with agricultural industry standards and food hygiene standards of China, the four heavy metals in wheat seed of 24 sampling sites in the study area were 1.65 times, 0.10 times, 0.60 times and 1.51 times of heavy metals, respectively. The spatial distribution characteristics of the two heavy metals showed that the heavy metal content exceeded the standard was closely related to the distribution of coal mine industry. (2) the single factor pollution index of heavy metals in wheat seed was: 1. PbCrAsCdCuZn. The health risk of heavy metal intake through mouth is as follows: the content of AsPbCuCdZnCr.ZnCU in different organs of mature wheat is the same as that of root seed stem and leaf glume in different organs of mature wheat. For the root glume stem and leaf seed; The content of Cr in different organs of wheat at maturity was the root seed of spikelet stem and leaf in turn. The content of heavy metals in the roots of wheat in the study area is relatively low, which is inconsistent with the general results of crop pollution by soil sources, and may be affected by air pollution in the studied area. (3) there is a significant correlation between the two parts of PbbcdCdCrAs in seeds; There was a significant correlation between Cr in seed food and root and glume, while there was no significant correlation between Pb ~ (2 +) CD ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) and heavy metal contents in soil and other organs. There was a significant correlation between Cu content in seed food and soil, root, stem, leaf and glume, Zn in seed food and root, stem and leaf. There was a significant correlation between Zn content in glume. (4) Wheat seedling planting experiments were carried out in mining area and mine campus. The results showed that wheat seedlings planted in mining area after Na2-EDTA treatment were compared with those planted in mine campus. Compared with the wheat seedling samples planted in the mine campus, the root tip nuclei of the wheat seedlings planted in the mining areas were more vesicular, the nuclei were disordered, and the chloroplasts of the leaf cells expanded. The disordered structure further indicates that wheat pollution is closely related to the regional atmospheric environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X56

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本文編號：2096808