本文選題：壬基酚 + 辛基酚��； 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：壬基酚(NP)和對叔辛基酚(4-t-OP,以下簡稱OP)是重要精細(xì)化工原料,主要用于生產(chǎn)壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚,而其又作為降解產(chǎn)物進(jìn)入環(huán)境系統(tǒng)。烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚約80%,辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚約15%)作為非離子表面活性劑廣泛用于洗滌用品和工業(yè)加工助劑中,使得大量NP和OP通過多種途徑進(jìn)入環(huán)境。NP和OP作為典型環(huán)境內(nèi)分泌干擾物,對生物體具有內(nèi)分泌干擾效應(yīng),造成機(jī)體生殖異常,影響子代發(fā)育,具有神經(jīng)毒性和免疫毒性等。進(jìn)入環(huán)境的NP和OP除了影響環(huán)境系統(tǒng)中生物,還可通過食物鏈進(jìn)入人體,具有一定潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),因而對環(huán)境中NP和OP環(huán)境歸趨行為的研究尤為重要。本論文選擇滇池水域?yàn)檠芯繀^(qū)域,在非穩(wěn)態(tài)非平衡條件下建立Ⅳ級(jí)多介質(zhì)環(huán)境逸度模型,估算輸入量,研究1991-2013年間NP和OP在滇池水域的動(dòng)態(tài)歸趨,確定主要環(huán)境過程、環(huán)境分配行為以及影響歸趨的主要輸入?yún)?shù)。此外,在模型計(jì)算的基礎(chǔ)上,預(yù)測2015、2020、2025年滇池水域各環(huán)境相NP和OP濃度并進(jìn)行基本生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析。該研究對了解滇池水域NP和OP污染現(xiàn)狀以及生態(tài)保護(hù)提供理論支撐,對滇池水域內(nèi)分泌干擾物生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)具有重要意義。研究結(jié)果表明,本論文建立的Ⅳ級(jí)多介質(zhì)環(huán)境逸度模型計(jì)算結(jié)果與NP和OP實(shí)測值吻合較好,NP在滇池水域各相濃度為：魚體中層沉積物相表層沉積物相水相,OP在滇池水域各相濃度為：表層沉積物相中層沉積物相魚體水相,其濃度受外界輸入的影響較大。進(jìn)入滇池水域的NP和OP主要通過水相中降解去除,約占入滇總量的77.11%和75.50%,余下部分主要通過水相進(jìn)入表層沉積物相以及平流輸出。NP在不同環(huán)境遷移過程中,水相至表層沉積物相、表層沉積物相至中層沉積物相和平流輸出為其主要遷移過程,水相至表層沉積物相、平流輸出和表層沉積物相至中層沉積物相則是OP主要遷移過程,水相至氣相、魚體至水相和中層沉積物相至表層沉積物相的遷移通量最小,其值可忽略不計(jì)。NP和OP靈敏度分析結(jié)果相似,對整體而言,Kw靈敏度值較大,是影響水相中NP和OP濃度的主要參數(shù),進(jìn)而影響其他環(huán)境相中NP和OP濃度。表層沉積物相中,Kw、VpSl、 focSl、Koc,靈敏度值較大,中層沉積物相中,參數(shù)Vps2、Ubs的變化對NP和OP在中層沉積物相的濃度有較大影響。魚體中參數(shù)KF、Kw的變化對NP和OP在魚體中的濃度影響較大。通過對NP和OP濃度預(yù)測,至2025年,滇池水域各環(huán)境相中NP濃度分別為：水相1.72E-07 mol·m-3,表層沉積物相411E-05 mol·m-3,中層沉積物相339E-05 mol·m-3,魚體5.52E-05 mol·m-3; OP濃度分別為：水相526E-08 mol·m-3,表層沉積物相3.13E-05 mol·m-3,中層沉積物相2.19E.05 mol·m-3,魚體1.93E-05 mol·m-3。通過對各環(huán)境相中NP和OP生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)現(xiàn)狀及預(yù)測分析,水相中NP和OP相對危害較小,沉積物相和魚體中NP和OP污染需要得到重視。盡管目前滇池水域不存在嚴(yán)重的NP和OP生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),但仍對生物體具有一定潛在危害,尤其是NP。滇池水域各環(huán)境相中NP和OP濃度持續(xù)上升,由于NP和OP持久性、潛伏性以及生物富集性,仍可對食物鏈造成潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn),因而NP和OP的污染情況不容忽視。
[Abstract]:Nonylphenol (NP) and P - tert - octyl (4-t-OP, hereinafter referred to as OP) are important fine chemical raw materials, mainly used in the production of nonylphenol ethoxylates and octyl polyoxyethylene ether, and they are also used as degradation products to enter the environmental system. Alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether (nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether about 80%, octyl polyoxyethylene ether about 15%) is used as non isolation. Subsurface active agents are widely used in washing products and industrial processing auxiliaries, making a large number of NP and OP into the environment.NP and OP as typical environmental endocrine disruptors. It has endocrine disrupting effects on organisms, resulting in the abnormal reproduction of the organism, the development of the progeny, the neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity, and so on. It enters the environment of NP. And OP, in addition to affecting the organism in the environmental system, can also enter the human body through the food chain, and has a certain potential ecological risk. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the behavior of NP and OP environment in the environment. In this paper, Dianchi water area is chosen as the research area, and the environmental fugacity model of the fourth grade multi medium environment is built under the unsteady state non equilibrium condition, and the input quantity is estimated. The dynamic trend of NP and OP in Dianchi waters in the past 1991-2013 years was studied. The main environmental processes, environmental distribution behavior and the main input parameters affecting the convergence were determined. On the basis of the model calculation, the concentrations of NP and OP in each environment of the Dianchi waters were predicted and the basic ecological risk was analyzed. The study on the understanding of Dianchi water The pollution status of NP and OP and the ecological protection provide theoretical support. It is of great significance to the ecological risk assessment of endocrine disruptors in Dianchi waters. The results of the study show that the calculation results of the environmental fugacity model of grade IV multi medium environment in this paper are in good agreement with the measured values of NP and OP, and the concentration of NP in the waters of Dianchi is the middle layer sediments of the fish body. The phase surface sediment phase water phase, the concentration of OP in the water phase of the Dianchi waters is: the water phase of the layer sediments in the surface sediments, the concentration is greatly influenced by the external input. The NP and OP entering the waters of Dianchi are mainly degraded and removed in the water phase, accounting for about 77.11% and 75.50% of the total amount of Yunnan. The remaining part mainly enters the surface layer through the water facies. Phase and advection output.NP in different environmental migration process, water phase to surface sediment phase, surface sediment phase to middle layer sediment phase and advection output is the main migration process, water phase to surface sediment phase, advection output and surface sediment phase to middle layer sediment phase are main migration process of OP, water phase to gas phase, fish body to The migration flux of the water phase and the middle layer sediment phase to the surface sediments is minimal, and its value can be ignored without the similar results of.NP and OP sensitivity analysis. For the whole, the Kw sensitivity is larger, which is the main parameter affecting the concentration of NP and OP in the water phase, and then affects the concentration of NP and OP in other environmental phases. In the surface sediments, Kw, VpSl, focSl, Koc, spirit The changes in the parameters Vps2 and Ubs have great influence on the concentration of NP and OP in the middle layer sediments. The changes in the parameters of KF and Kw in the fish body have great influence on the concentration of NP and OP in the fish body. By predicting the concentration of NP and OP, the NP concentration in the environmental phases of the waters of Dianchi, by 2025, is respectively: water phase 1.72E-07. 3, the surface sediments are 411E-05 mol / M-3, the middle layer sediments are 339E-05 mol. M-3, and the fish body 5.52E-05 mol. M-3. The OP concentration is: the 526E-08 mol. The relative harm of NP and OP in the water phase is relatively small, and the pollution of NP and OP in the sediments and fish needs to be paid attention. Although there is no serious ecological risk of NP and OP in the waters of Dianchi, there are still some potential hazards to the organism, especially in the environmental phases of the NP. Dianchi waters, the concentration of NP and OP continues to rise, and the latency of NP and OP is latent and latent. And bioaccumulation can still cause potential risks to the food chain, so the pollution of NP and OP can not be ignored.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X131

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