本文選題：低濁水 + 生產(chǎn)廢水回用　； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來凈水廠面臨著新飲用水水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的不斷提高和水源水低濁、水質(zhì)穩(wěn)定、微污染等處理難題,凈水廠工藝改造勢(shì)在必行。生產(chǎn)廢水直接回用在降低自耗水量的同時(shí)可起到強(qiáng)化混凝、節(jié)約混凝劑的作用,為凈水廠工藝改造提供了一種新的可行方法。然而,生產(chǎn)廢水中含有較多的污染物質(zhì),其回用的比例和安全性問題成為必須要研究的課題。本文首先對(duì)生產(chǎn)廢水水質(zhì)特性進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)研究,推測(cè)其強(qiáng)化混凝效能并評(píng)價(jià)直接回用對(duì)水質(zhì)的影響。以混合水濁度為調(diào)控參數(shù)并考慮溫度影響,分別在夏冬季節(jié)通過中試試驗(yàn)優(yōu)化并確定最佳混合水濁度范圍,隨之進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)廢水連續(xù)回用試驗(yàn),監(jiān)測(cè)生產(chǎn)廢水污染物質(zhì)的濃度變化,對(duì)比生產(chǎn)廢水回用系統(tǒng)和常規(guī)處理系統(tǒng)沉后、濾后出水的理化指標(biāo)。因理化指標(biāo)只能反映水體中單一污染物質(zhì)的瞬時(shí)濃度,水體中的污染物質(zhì)往往通過協(xié)同作用、相加作用等方式聯(lián)合作用于生物體,故首先建立一套生物遺傳毒性試驗(yàn)組合,試驗(yàn)組合包括Ames試驗(yàn)、SOS/umu、微核試驗(yàn)(體內(nèi)和體外)和小鼠精子畸形試驗(yàn),進(jìn)而進(jìn)一步評(píng)價(jià)生產(chǎn)廢水直接回用水質(zhì)的安全性。試驗(yàn)表明排泥水上清液水質(zhì)與水源水基本相同,濾池反沖洗廢水上清液相關(guān)水質(zhì)指標(biāo)低于原水,兩類生產(chǎn)廢水中的有機(jī)物質(zhì)主要以顆粒態(tài)或吸附在較大絮體上的方式存在,推斷以適當(dāng)比例回用不會(huì)對(duì)水質(zhì)產(chǎn)生較大影響。根據(jù)中試試驗(yàn)和相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),建議凈水廠采用生產(chǎn)廢水直接回用工藝時(shí),夏季高溫高藻期調(diào)節(jié)混合水濁度在125~170 NTU區(qū)間;冬季低溫低濁期調(diào)節(jié)混合水濁度在40~55 NTU區(qū)間。在最佳混合水濁度范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)廢水連續(xù)回用試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明除沉淀池排泥水中Mn元素的微量富集外,兩類生產(chǎn)廢水中其他污染物質(zhì)基本無富集現(xiàn)象;在節(jié)約混凝劑投加量的情況下,夏季高溫高藻期和冬季低溫低濁期生產(chǎn)廢水回用不會(huì)對(duì)沉后出水常規(guī)指標(biāo)、有機(jī)物指標(biāo)、Mn含量產(chǎn)生較大影響,回用可強(qiáng)化Al、Fe金屬含量的去除,同時(shí)在夏季高溫高藻期可在一定程度上強(qiáng)化溶解性有機(jī)物的去除。夏冬季節(jié)生產(chǎn)廢水回用和常規(guī)處理系統(tǒng)的濾后出水水質(zhì)基本相同,各項(xiàng)水質(zhì)指標(biāo)均滿足《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB5749-2006)的要求。冬季生產(chǎn)廢水連續(xù)回用末期工藝出水的生物遺傳毒性檢測(cè)表明,生產(chǎn)廢水連續(xù)回用不會(huì)造成移碼型突變物的富集,因水源水中抑菌物質(zhì)較多,無法利用Ames試驗(yàn)判斷生產(chǎn)廢水回用工藝出水水樣致突變性的強(qiáng)弱;根據(jù)水樣的致陽性等量濃度,生產(chǎn)廢水工藝出廠水的致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較低,處于比較安全的水平,同時(shí)體外和體內(nèi)微核試驗(yàn)表明,在試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)劑量下,生產(chǎn)廢水回用工藝出水對(duì)染色體無損傷效應(yīng),與常規(guī)處理工藝無顯著性差異。此外生產(chǎn)廢水連續(xù)回用的沉后出水和濾后消毒水樣在試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)劑量下均無使雄性生殖細(xì)胞發(fā)生突變的效應(yīng)。綜上結(jié)果表明,從生物遺傳毒性角度看,在設(shè)計(jì)的試驗(yàn)劑量下,生產(chǎn)廢水連續(xù)回用工藝出水的安全性與常規(guī)處理工藝基本相同。
[Abstract]:In recent years, water purification plants are faced with the continuous improvement of the water quality standard of new drinking water, low water turbidity, water quality and micro pollution. The process modification of the water purification plant is necessary. The direct reuse of production wastewater can reduce the water consumption and play the role of coagulation, save coagulant, and provide a kind of process transformation for water purification plant. It is a new feasible method. However, there are more pollutants in the production wastewater. The problem of the proportion and safety of its reuse has become a subject that must be studied. Firstly, this paper studies the water quality characteristics of the production wastewater, speculates the strengthening coagulation efficiency and evaluates the effect of direct reuse on the water quality. The turbidity of mixed water is the control parameter. Considering the influence of temperature, the best mixed water turbidity range is optimized in the summer and winter season, and the continuous reuse test of production wastewater is carried out to monitor the change of the concentration of the pollutants in the wastewater. The physical and chemical indexes of the effluent after the wastewater reuse system and the conventional treatment system are compared. The physical and chemical indexes of the effluent are only due to the physical and chemical indexes. It can reflect the instantaneous concentration of a single polluted substance in the water body, and the pollutants in the water body often act together by synergistic action and additive action. Therefore, a set of biological genetic toxicity test combination is first established. The test combination includes Ames test, SOS/umu, micronucleus test (in vivo and in vitro) and sperm abnormality test in mice, and then the test of sperm malformation in mice, The experiment shows that the water quality of the sludge water is basically the same as the water source water, and the water quality index of the filter backwashing wastewater is lower than the original water. The organic matter in the two kinds of production wastewater is mainly in the form of granular or adsorbed on the larger floc, and the appropriate proportion is inferred. Back use does not have a great impact on water quality. According to the pilot test and related literature, it is suggested that the turbidity of mixed water is regulated in the 125~170 NTU interval during the summer high temperature and high algae period, and the turbidity of mixed water in the low temperature and low turbidity period in winter is in the 40~55 NTU zone. The experiment of continuous reuse of wastewater shows that in addition to the trace enrichment of Mn elements in the sludge water of the sedimentation tank, the other pollutants in the two kinds of production wastewater are basically not enriched. In the case of saving coagulant dosage, the reuse of the wastewater in the summer high temperature and high algae period and the low temperature and low turbidity period in winter will not be the conventional index of the effluent after the sedimentation, and the organic matter refers to the effluent. The content of Mn has a great influence on the content of Al, the removal of Fe metal content and the removal of dissolved organic matter in the summer high temperature and high algae period. The water quality of the wastewater reused and the conventional treatment system in summer and winter is basically the same, all the water quality indexes meet the sanitary standard of living drinking water. (GB5749-2006) requirements. The biological genotoxicity test of the effluent from the continuous reuse of the wastewater in winter shows that the continuous reuse of the wastewater will not cause the enrichment of the transcoding mutants, because there are more bacteriostasis in the water source water, and it is impossible to use the Ames test to determine the mutagenicity of the effluent water samples. At the same time, in vitro and in vivo micronucleus test, there is no significant difference between the effluent reused process water and the conventional treatment process. In addition, the production wastewater is reused continuously. The results showed that the safety of the effluent from the continuous recycling process of the wastewater was basically the same as that of the conventional treatment process from the viewpoint of biological genotoxicity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703;TU991.22

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本文編號(hào)：2049292