發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-03 00:18

  本文選題：礦區(qū) + 土壤��； 參考：《武漢工程大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：埋藏于地下的礦物由于礦山的開采和冶選而暴露在地表環(huán)境中,使土壤原有的環(huán)境結(jié)構(gòu)和狀態(tài)產(chǎn)生巨變,采選過程中重金屬元素通過污水灌溉、大氣降塵、尾渣揚(yáng)塵或淋溶等方式進(jìn)入周圍環(huán)境,當(dāng)土壤中重金屬元素的含量超過土壤的自凈能力時(shí),就會(huì)造成土壤重金屬污染。土壤重金屬污染不僅會(huì)嚴(yán)重危害生態(tài)環(huán)境和人體健康,還會(huì)對(duì)礦產(chǎn)采選行業(yè)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生阻礙。因此,對(duì)礦區(qū)土壤重金屬污染狀況進(jìn)行研究的重要性日益凸顯,礦區(qū)的生態(tài)重建和環(huán)境污染修復(fù)問題也日益迫切。論文以湖北某礦區(qū)為重點(diǎn)研究對(duì)象,根據(jù)礦區(qū)不同功能分區(qū)系統(tǒng)采集土壤樣本,采用原子吸收分光光度計(jì)等設(shè)備進(jìn)行重金屬含量的室內(nèi)測(cè)定,以此為基礎(chǔ)分析礦區(qū)土壤重金屬污染特征及污染規(guī)律,并采用內(nèi)梅羅指數(shù)法、地累積指數(shù)法、模糊數(shù)學(xué)法分析評(píng)價(jià)礦區(qū)土壤重金屬污染程度,以及潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)法評(píng)價(jià)礦區(qū)的潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。結(jié)果表明,礦區(qū)土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni五種重金屬元素的含量平均值均超過湖北省土壤背景值,其中Cd含量均值超出背景值79倍多,礦區(qū)土壤已經(jīng)受到了以Cd為主的重金屬污染,污染程度十分嚴(yán)重。選冶區(qū)南側(cè)的污水處理站下游方向和尾礦庫下游的土壤樣品中重金屬Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni含量均明顯增高,說明選冶區(qū)和尾礦庫區(qū)對(duì)礦區(qū)土壤中重金屬含量的貢獻(xiàn)較大。Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd4種元素顯著相關(guān),可以說明這四種元素來源相同,主要來自于礦區(qū)選冶區(qū)的礦石冶煉過程和尾礦庫的尾渣堆積。礦區(qū)工業(yè)場(chǎng)地、選冶區(qū)、尾礦庫區(qū)和辦公生活區(qū)均存在不同程度的土壤重金屬污染現(xiàn)象,其中工業(yè)場(chǎng)地的道路運(yùn)輸區(qū)域、選冶區(qū)的污水處理站下游以及尾礦庫區(qū)下游為重金屬富集較嚴(yán)重的區(qū)域。內(nèi)梅羅指數(shù)法表明,以湖北省土壤環(huán)境背景值和國(guó)家土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量三級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分別作為評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果顯示湖北某礦區(qū)40個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)的土壤樣品均已達(dá)到重污染程度。地累積指數(shù)法顯示,不論是各點(diǎn)位單個(gè)重金屬元素還是各重金屬所有點(diǎn)位的平均值,重金屬Cd的污染指數(shù)均為最高,對(duì)礦區(qū)土壤的污染貢獻(xiàn)最大。礦區(qū)土壤的模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果表明,礦區(qū)土壤環(huán)境污染為嚴(yán)重污染級(jí)別,土壤重金屬污染問題亟待解決。礦區(qū)土壤重金屬污染的潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)表明,Cd危害礦區(qū)生態(tài)安全的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很大,整個(gè)礦區(qū)的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度較強(qiáng)。綜合四種評(píng)價(jià)方法可以看出,礦區(qū)已受到以Cd為主的重金屬污染,重金屬污染較嚴(yán)重的區(qū)域?yàn)檫x冶區(qū)下游和尾礦庫區(qū)下游。
[Abstract]:Minerals buried underground are exposed to the surface environment because of mining and metallurgical separation of mines, resulting in great changes in the original environmental structure and state of the soil. Heavy metal elements are irrigated by sewage and dust fall in the atmosphere during the process of mining and dressing. When the dust or leachate of the tailings enters the surrounding environment, the heavy metal pollution will occur when the content of heavy metal elements in the soil exceeds the self-purification ability of the soil. Soil heavy metal pollution will not only seriously harm the ecological environment and human health, but also hinder the development of mineral mining industry. Therefore, the importance of studying heavy metal pollution in mining area is becoming more and more important, and the problems of ecological reconstruction and environmental pollution remediation in mining area are becoming more and more urgent. This paper focuses on a mining area in Hubei province. According to different functional zoning systems of mining area, soil samples are collected, and heavy metal contents are measured in laboratory with atomic absorption spectrophotometer and other equipment. On this basis, the characteristics and laws of heavy metal pollution in soil of mining area were analyzed, and the degree of heavy metal pollution in mining area was analyzed and evaluated by Nemero index method, ground accumulation index method and fuzzy mathematics method. And potential ecological hazard index method to evaluate the potential ecological risk in mining area. The results showed that the average contents of five heavy metals in the soil of the mining area were all higher than the background value of Hubei Province, and the average of CD content was more than 79 times higher than the background value, and the soil of the mining area had been polluted by heavy metals mainly of CD. The pollution is very serious. The lower direction of sewage treatment station on the south side of the dressing and smelting area and the content of heavy metal Cu ~ (2 +) Zn ~ (2 +) Pb ~ (2 +) CD ~ (2 +) in the soil samples of the lower reaches of the tailings pool are obviously increased, which indicates that the contribution of the heavy metal content to the soil of the mining area is greater in the dressing and smelting area and the tailings reservoir area, and there is a significant correlation among the four elements. It can be concluded that these four elements come from the same source, mainly from the ore smelting process and tailings accumulation in the ore dressing and smelting area. Industrial sites, dressing and smelting areas, tailings storage areas and office living areas all have different degrees of soil heavy metal pollution, among which the road transportation areas of industrial sites, The lower reaches of sewage treatment stations and tailings reservoirs are heavy metal enrichment areas. The Nemero index method shows that the soil environmental background value of Hubei Province and the national standard of soil environmental quality are taken as the evaluation criteria respectively. The evaluation results show that the soil samples from 40 sampling sites in a mining area in Hubei Province have reached the level of heavy pollution. The soil accumulation index method showed that the pollution index of CD was the highest, which contributed the most to the soil pollution in the mining area, whether the single heavy metal element at each site or the average value of all the heavy metal sites. The results of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of soil in mining area show that the pollution of soil environment in mining area is serious and the problem of heavy metal pollution in soil should be solved urgently. The potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in mining area shows that the potential risk of CD endangering the ecological safety of mining area is very large, and the ecological risk degree of the whole mining area is relatively strong. By synthesizing four evaluation methods, it can be seen that the mining area has been polluted mainly by heavy metals, and the regions where heavy metal pollution is more serious are the downstream of dressing and smelting area and the area of tailings reservoir.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X53;X751

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