本文選題：環(huán)境基本公共服務(wù) + 均等化�。� 參考：《中央民族大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,人們對(duì)環(huán)境質(zhì)量和相應(yīng)環(huán)境服務(wù)的要求也不斷提高。但長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),我國(guó)受經(jīng)濟(jì)總量導(dǎo)向、城鄉(xiāng)二元化管理體制、粗放型增長(zhǎng)模式、不完善的環(huán)保制度等多重因素影響,對(duì)于環(huán)境保護(hù)的政府責(zé)任和相應(yīng)的制度規(guī)范的認(rèn)識(shí)和建設(shè)存在明顯欠缺,導(dǎo)致環(huán)境保護(hù)領(lǐng)域各類(lèi)公共服務(wù)的供給存在著總量不足、不同地區(qū)和城鄉(xiāng)間差異較大等問(wèn)題。環(huán)境保護(hù)公共服務(wù)的差異進(jìn)一步加劇了資源密集地區(qū)與生態(tài)敏感地區(qū)的環(huán)境破壞,威脅到區(qū)域環(huán)境質(zhì)量安全。進(jìn)行環(huán)境基本公共服務(wù)水平和均等化水平評(píng)估,從區(qū)域?qū)用嬖u(píng)估發(fā)現(xiàn)我國(guó)環(huán)境基本公共服務(wù)的結(jié)構(gòu)性問(wèn)題,對(duì)改善區(qū)域環(huán)境質(zhì)量,滿足人民群眾需求,避免重大區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境破壞事件,具有重要意義。本研究在搜集分析文獻(xiàn),以及借鑒國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)理論和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的要求,結(jié)合環(huán)境保護(hù)領(lǐng)域基本公共服務(wù)的實(shí)踐,構(gòu)建環(huán)境基本公共服務(wù)的理論框架,對(duì)環(huán)境基本公共服務(wù)的內(nèi)涵、范圍、目標(biāo)等進(jìn)行了探索性的初步界定。根據(jù)“壓力—狀態(tài)—響應(yīng)”(PSR)模型,應(yīng)用“城鄉(xiāng)”、“東中西區(qū)域”等差異化語(yǔ)義和“人均”、“覆蓋率”等非差異語(yǔ)義,結(jié)合我國(guó)環(huán)境基本公共服務(wù)階段性目標(biāo),尤其是“十二五”環(huán)境基本公共服務(wù)均等化重點(diǎn)推進(jìn)領(lǐng)域,如安全飲水、環(huán)境監(jiān)管與環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)運(yùn)營(yíng)等,考慮評(píng)估指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)的科學(xué)性、代表性、可行性與發(fā)展性,歸納形成基于供給和需求兩個(gè)層次的環(huán)境基本公共服務(wù)的評(píng)估指標(biāo)體系。然后,收集2008-2013年數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)其進(jìn)行無(wú)量綱處理,采用專(zhuān)家打分和層次分析法計(jì)算指標(biāo)權(quán)重,再選擇合適的評(píng)價(jià)方法評(píng)估30個(gè)省份環(huán)境基本公共服務(wù)水平的變化趨勢(shì)。在環(huán)境基本公共服務(wù)評(píng)估指標(biāo)與評(píng)估方法研究的成果基礎(chǔ)上,采用GIS的自然間斷點(diǎn)分級(jí)法對(duì)相似值進(jìn)行聚類(lèi)分組,進(jìn)行基于相似度的均等化評(píng)估,采用基尼系數(shù)法進(jìn)行基于差異度的均等化評(píng)估。最后,運(yùn)用SPSS軟件進(jìn)行斯皮爾曼相關(guān)分析,探索經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對(duì)環(huán)境基本公共服務(wù)水平的影響顯著性。研究結(jié)論表明：根據(jù)環(huán)境基本公共服務(wù)的提供范圍,構(gòu)建的指標(biāo)體系有助于與現(xiàn)有的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)統(tǒng)計(jì)和環(huán)境統(tǒng)計(jì)體系相銜接,能夠識(shí)別和量化評(píng)價(jià)不同區(qū)域間環(huán)境基本公共服務(wù)均等化程度。全國(guó)30個(gè)省(市區(qū))實(shí)證結(jié)果表明：2008-2013年間,兩個(gè)層次評(píng)價(jià)的環(huán)境基本公共服務(wù)水平得分情況為：東部中部西部東北,各省均等化程度逐年提高。推動(dòng)環(huán)境基本公共服務(wù)均等化,于東部沿海地區(qū)而言,重點(diǎn)在于從源頭上降低污染物排放強(qiáng)度,地方政府應(yīng)抑制高耗能、高排放行業(yè)過(guò)快增長(zhǎng),推廣應(yīng)用清潔生產(chǎn)技術(shù),加大對(duì)排污企業(yè)的監(jiān)管力度等。而中西部地區(qū)關(guān)鍵是加大環(huán)保資金、機(jī)構(gòu)能力建設(shè)投入,保障污水、垃圾等處置設(shè)施的建設(shè),有效提高環(huán)境污染治理效率。對(duì)于東北地區(qū),應(yīng)從各方面入手,一方面應(yīng)加大環(huán)保投入,改善環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施運(yùn)行效率；一方面也要轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式,調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),走環(huán)境友好型發(fā)展道路。
[Abstract]:With the development of the social economy, the demands for environmental quality and the corresponding environmental service are also increasing. However, for a long time, China has been influenced by many factors, such as the economic aggregate orientation, the two yuan management system in urban and rural areas, the extensive model of growth, the imperfect environmental protection system and so on, and the recognition of the government responsibility and the corresponding institutional norms of the environmental protection. There is a clear shortage of knowledge and construction, which leads to the shortage of the supply of various public services in the field of environmental protection, the big differences in different regions and cities and villages. The difference of public service of environmental protection further aggravates the environmental damage of the resource intensive areas and the ecological sensitive areas, and threatens the environmental quality and safety of the region. The assessment of the level of basic public service and the level of equalization is of great significance to the assessment of the structural problems of the basic public services in our environment from the regional level. It is of great significance to improve the quality of the environment, meet the needs of the people and avoid the destruction of the ecological environment in major regions. On the basis of the theory and experience, according to the requirements of the ecological civilization construction and the practice of the basic public service in the field of environmental protection, the theoretical framework of the basic public service of the environment is constructed, and the connotation, scope and goal of the environmental basic public service are preliminarily defined. According to the "pressure state response" (PSR) model, With the use of "urban and rural", "East and west region", "average" and "per capita", "coverage rate" and other non difference semantics, combined with the goal of the basic public service stage in China, especially the "12th Five-Year" environmental basic public service equalization key areas, such as safe drinking water, environmental supervision and environmental infrastructure construction and operation. And so on, considering the scientificity, representativeness, feasibility and development of the evaluation index data, the evaluation index system of the environmental basic public service based on two levels of supply and demand is formed. Then, the data of 2008-2013 years are collected, the dimensionless treatment is carried out, the weight of the index is calculated by the expert scoring and the analytic hierarchy process, and then the appropriate selection is made. The evaluation method is used to evaluate the change trend of the basic public service level in the 30 provinces. On the basis of the results of the research on the evaluation indexes and methods of the environmental basic public service, the GIS's natural internatural breakpoint classification method is used to cluster the similar values, and the similarity evaluation is carried out based on the Gini coefficient method. Finally, the Spielman correlation analysis was carried out by the SPSS software to explore the significance of economic development to the environmental basic public service level. The conclusion shows that the index system is helpful to the existing national economic statistics and environmental statistics according to the scope of the provision of the basic public services. We can identify and quantify the degree of equalization of basic public services between different regions. The empirical results of 30 provinces (urban areas) in the country show that in the 2008-2013 years, the score of the basic public service level of the environmental assessment in the two levels is: the degree of equalization of the provinces in the East and the east of the eastern part of the East, the degree of equalization of the provinces is increasing year by year. In the eastern coastal areas, the emphasis is on reducing the intensity of pollutant emission from the source, the local government should restrain the high energy consumption, increase the rapid growth of the high emission industry, promote the application of clean production technology and increase the supervision of the pollutant discharge enterprises. The key of the central and Western region is to increase the environmental funds and the construction of the institutional capacity. In the northeast area, we should increase the environmental investment and improve the efficiency of the environmental infrastructure. On the one hand, we should change the way of economic growth, adjust the industrial structure and take the road of environmental friendly development.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X321

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