本文選題：河床滲濾 + 氨氮��； 參考：《中國海洋大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：污染河水在補(bǔ)給周圍地下水的過程中,地下水是否會受到污染及污染程度的高低取決于河床滲濾系統(tǒng)。氨氮作為水體中最主要的氮污染物，有著諸多危害。受氨氮污染的地表水體也有可能引起地下水的氨氮污染,造成地下水水質(zhì)惡化。本文在野外調(diào)查和采樣的基礎(chǔ)上,用大沽河底泥和砂土進(jìn)行了氨氮吸附和轉(zhuǎn)化的批量試驗(yàn)研究以及氨氮在模擬河床滲濾系統(tǒng)中遷移轉(zhuǎn)化的柱試驗(yàn)研究。研究結(jié)果可為控制氨氮污染河水在補(bǔ)給過程中污染地下水提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支持。在氨氮的吸附試驗(yàn)中,分別研究了溫度、pH、水流擾動對兩種滲濾介質(zhì)吸附氨氮的影響；在氨氮的轉(zhuǎn)化試驗(yàn)中,分別研究了溫度和pH對轉(zhuǎn)化過程的影響：在模擬滲濾試驗(yàn)中,研究了滲濾系統(tǒng)的水動力學(xué)參數(shù)、阻滯系數(shù)和氨氮在其中所發(fā)生的實(shí)際遷移轉(zhuǎn)化行為。氨氮吸附的動力學(xué)試驗(yàn)的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,兩種滲濾介質(zhì)對氨氮的吸附可劃分成快速吸附階段和慢速吸附階段：兩種介質(zhì)均在pH為中性時對氨氮具有較大的吸附速率；隨著溫度的增加,兩種介質(zhì)對氨氮的平衡吸附量減少,底泥的吸附速率常數(shù)在25℃時最大,砂土的吸附速率常數(shù)是隨著溫度的而增加而減小的；擾動強(qiáng)度的增大加大了兩種滲濾介質(zhì)對氨氮的吸附速率,但是對平衡吸附量影響不大。氨氮吸附的熱力學(xué)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,兩種滲濾介質(zhì)對氨氮的吸附等溫線呈現(xiàn)出線性變化趨勢：兩種介質(zhì)的吸附分配系數(shù)均隨溫度的升高而降低,但在氨氮平衡濃度較低時,二者的平衡吸附量隨溫度變化差別不大：底泥的分配系數(shù)比砂土的高一個數(shù)量級；兩種介質(zhì)的吸附熱力學(xué)行為隨pH的變化呈現(xiàn)出相似的變化趨勢。氨氮的轉(zhuǎn)化試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,硝化作用是底泥轉(zhuǎn)化氨氮的主要過程。在試驗(yàn)溫度區(qū)間(10℃-30℃)內(nèi),氨氮的硝化速率隨溫度的升高而增大。試驗(yàn)中求得速率常數(shù)與溫度的關(guān)系為K=0.082×1.170T-20(d-1)。在試驗(yàn)pH區(qū)間(6-8)內(nèi),氨氮的硝化速率隨pH的升高而增大。在柱試驗(yàn)中,通過水動力學(xué)彌散試驗(yàn)計(jì)算得到砂土的滲透系數(shù)、彌散系數(shù)、彌散度、有效孔隙度分別為29.5 m/d、0.108 m2/d、4.05×10-3m和34.7%,底泥的上述參數(shù)分別為0.471 m/d、 7.10×10-3m2/d、3.06×10-3m和40.5%；砂土和底泥對氨氮的阻滯系數(shù)分別為2.47和8.36；而模擬一維滲濾試驗(yàn)表明滲濾系統(tǒng)去除氨氮主要是通過底泥的吸附和硝化作用及砂土的吸附作用；在溶解氧降低時,底泥中也會發(fā)生一定程度的反硝化作用;滲濾系統(tǒng)對氨氮的去除是有一定限度的。
[Abstract]:Whether the polluted river water will be polluted or not depends on the percolation system in the process of recharging the surrounding groundwater. As the main nitrogen pollutant in water, ammonia nitrogen has a lot of harm. Surface water bodies polluted by ammonia nitrogen may also cause ammonia nitrogen pollution of groundwater and lead to the deterioration of groundwater quality. On the basis of field investigation and sampling, the batch experiments of ammonia nitrogen adsorption and transformation were carried out by using the bottom mud and sandy soil of Dagu River, and the column test of ammonia nitrogen migration and transformation in simulated riverbed leachate system was carried out. The results can provide theoretical basis and technical support for controlling the pollution of groundwater in the process of recharge of river water polluted by ammonia nitrogen. In the ammonia nitrogen adsorption experiment, the effects of temperature and pH and the disturbance of water flow on the adsorption of ammonia nitrogen were studied, and the effects of temperature and pH on the conversion process of ammonia nitrogen were studied in the experiment of ammonia nitrogen conversion. The hydrodynamic parameters, block coefficient and the actual transport and transformation behavior of ammonia nitrogen in the percolation system were studied. The results of kinetic experiments on the adsorption of ammonia nitrogen showed that the adsorption of ammonia nitrogen by two kinds of leachate media could be divided into two stages: fast adsorption stage and slow adsorption stage: the adsorption rate of ammonia nitrogen was higher when pH was neutral; With the increase of temperature, the equilibrium adsorption capacity of ammonia and nitrogen decreases, the adsorption rate constant of sediment is maximum at 25 鈩，

本文編號：1815549