本文選題：遼河口 + 沉積物�。� 參考：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以遼河口濱海濕地表層沉積物和河口心灘柱狀沉積物為研究對(duì)象,測(cè)試分析22個(gè)表層沉積物樣品和柱狀沉積物中的粒度組分、有機(jī)碳含量、微量元素含量和210Pb、137Cs的比活度等,通過(guò)分析濕地表層重金屬元素的分布特征和元素之間的相互關(guān)系,垂向上重金屬的分布特征及其影響因素,探析河口心灘沉積物30年的重金屬污染歷史,評(píng)價(jià)重金屬的污染等級(jí)和潛在生態(tài)危害程度,主要獲得以下四條結(jié)論:(1)重金屬元素在研究區(qū)域形成了一定程度的富集。其分布特征大致分為四類:①Cr、Cu、Zn三種重金屬元素在流子溝河上游地區(qū)存在高值;②As、Pb的高值集中分布在小道河上游河道狹窄地區(qū);③Cd的高值區(qū)集中在整個(gè)小道河上游地區(qū);④Hg元素的高值區(qū)集中在整個(gè)研究區(qū)的北區(qū),即富集在流子溝河、小道河兩條支流上游地區(qū)。重金屬元素均表現(xiàn)為向入海方向含量逐漸減少的趨勢(shì)。(2)柱狀沉積物中As、Hg、Cr、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn七種重金屬元素富集在黏土組分中,同時(shí)與有機(jī)碳含量有很好的正相關(guān)性,表明水動(dòng)力條件、細(xì)顆粒物質(zhì)及有機(jī)碳含量綜合影響了重金屬元素的分布。(3)遼河口心灘沉積物各段的沉積速率為:1984~1998年間約為3.00cm/a,1998~2013年間沉積速率為3.73cm/a。獲得心灘柱狀沉積物沉積時(shí)間約為30a。(4)通過(guò)地累積指數(shù)法和潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)法兩種重金屬元素污染方法評(píng)價(jià)得出:①整個(gè)研究區(qū)內(nèi)表層沉積物中重金屬Cd和Pb表現(xiàn)為低污染水平,其中重金屬Cd為中度生態(tài)危害,此外其他重金屬元素表現(xiàn)為無(wú)污染或低生態(tài)危害;②心灘柱狀沉積物中Cd元素在各個(gè)層位出現(xiàn)了偏中度、輕度的污染,同時(shí)在相同層位也出現(xiàn)中等或較重的生態(tài)危害,表明在30年的沉積歷史中,遼河口心灘存在一定的Cd污染;其他重金屬As、Hg、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn在研究區(qū)內(nèi)30年內(nèi)的沉積歷史中,無(wú)重大污染事件的發(fā)生。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the surface sediments of Liaohe estuary coastal wetland and the columnar sediments of estuarine banks were studied. The particle size composition, organic carbon content, trace element content and specific activity of 210PbC137Cs in 22 surface sediment samples and columnar sediments were measured and analyzed. Based on the analysis of the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the surface layer of wetlands and the relationship between the elements, the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in vertical direction and their influencing factors, the history of heavy metal pollution in estuarine sediments for 30 years is analyzed. In order to evaluate the pollution grade and potential ecological hazard of heavy metals, the following four conclusions were obtained: (1) heavy metals were enriched to a certain extent in the study area. Its distribution characteristics can be divided into four types: 1: 1CrCU Cu Zn three kinds of heavy metal elements in the upper reaches of Liuzigou River there is a high value of 2As-Pb concentration in the upper reaches of the Xiaodao River channel narrow area of the high value of CD concentrated in the upper reaches of the whole small river area; The high value region of 4Hg is concentrated in the north of the whole study area, that is, concentrated in the upper reaches of two tributaries of Liuzigou River and Xiaodahe River. The contents of heavy metals in the columnar sediments show a decreasing trend towards the sea. (2) the seven heavy metal elements of AsHgGfus cu, Pb, Zn are enriched in clay, and there is a good positive correlation with the content of organic carbon, which indicates that the hydrodynamic conditions are suitable for the accumulation of heavy metal elements, and the results show that the heavy metal elements are highly correlated with the contents of organic carbon, indicating the hydrodynamic conditions. The sedimentation rate of each section of Liaohe estuary sediment is about 3.00 cm / a from 1984 to 1998 and 3.73 cm / a from 1998 to 1998.The distribution of heavy metal elements is influenced by the content of fine particles and organic carbon. The sedimentation time of columnar sediment in Xintan is about 30 a.f.) the heavy metal CD and Pb table in the surface sediments of the whole study area of the whole study area was obtained through the evaluation of heavy metal element pollution by the method of ground accumulation index and the method of potential ecological hazard index. It is now at a low level of pollution. The heavy metal CD is a moderate ecological hazard, and the other heavy metal elements in the columnar sediments with no pollution or low ecological hazard are moderately or mildly polluted in each layer. At the same time, there are moderate or heavy ecological hazards in the same horizon, which indicates that in the 30 years of sedimentary history, there is some CD pollution in Liaohe estuary central beach, and other heavy metals, such as As-HgCU, Cu-Pb and Zn, have been deposited in the study area in the past 30 years. There were no major pollution incidents.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X824

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本文編號(hào)：1814820