本文選題：煤層氣產(chǎn)出水 + 鯽魚(yú)　； 參考：《中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近十年來(lái),我國(guó)煤層氣進(jìn)入商業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)階段,開(kāi)采規(guī)模和強(qiáng)度迅速增大,開(kāi)采過(guò)程中產(chǎn)出水的環(huán)境效應(yīng)及水資源保護(hù)已成為煤層氣開(kāi)發(fā)所關(guān)注的重要問(wèn)題之一。本文以沁水盆地柿莊南區(qū)塊為研究區(qū)域,對(duì)煤層氣產(chǎn)出水的水質(zhì)進(jìn)行了測(cè)試和評(píng)價(jià);用模擬配水進(jìn)行蠶豆根尖微核實(shí)驗(yàn),探討了煤層氣產(chǎn)出水對(duì)生物遺傳物質(zhì)的損傷,并開(kāi)展了煤層氣產(chǎn)出水對(duì)鯽魚(yú)的急性和亞急性毒性實(shí)驗(yàn),探討了煤層氣產(chǎn)出水對(duì)鯽魚(yú)生長(zhǎng)和抗氧化酶的影響,得到以下結(jié)論:(1)研究區(qū)內(nèi)煤層氣田產(chǎn)出水水質(zhì)特點(diǎn)為高礦化度、高鹽度,水樣中微量元素氟化物、總鐵和總錳含量超標(biāo)。返排階段煤層氣產(chǎn)出水總鹽量在4125.4~4965.1mg/L之間,其水化學(xué)類型為Cl~Na型,有機(jī)物含量高;生產(chǎn)階段煤層氣產(chǎn)出水總鹽量在687.1~1613.7mg/L之間,其水化學(xué)類型主要為HCO3~Na型,部分為HCO3-Cl~Na型,氟化物、鐵、錳以及氨氮含量超標(biāo)。(2)蠶豆根尖微核實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,返排階段煤層氣產(chǎn)出水中有毒、致突變因子含量較多,主要為表面活性劑和殺菌劑,可能損害生物的細(xì)胞遺傳機(jī)制;生產(chǎn)階段煤層氣產(chǎn)出水中的有毒、致突變因子的含量較少,主要是鐵、錳、鉛和常規(guī)的無(wú)機(jī)離子,對(duì)生物的細(xì)胞遺傳機(jī)能不會(huì)造成很大的影響。(3)進(jìn)行了返排階段煤層氣產(chǎn)出水對(duì)鯽魚(yú)的急性毒性實(shí)驗(yàn),由改良寇氏法計(jì)算得到的24h LC50、48h LC50、72h LC50和96h LC50分別為0.234%、0.222%、0.211%和0.207%,安全濃度為0.021%;由概率單位法計(jì)算得到24h LC50、48h LC50、72h LC50和96h LC50分別為0.236%、0.220%、0.208%和0.203%,安全濃度為0.020%。短期暴露24h后鯽魚(yú)鰓組織中,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在0.164%濃度下被顯著抑制,其它組的SOD活性均受到顯著誘導(dǎo),過(guò)氧化氫酶(CAT)活性均受到顯著的抑制作用,過(guò)氧化物酶(POD)活性受到不同程度的誘導(dǎo)或抑制作用。在肝組織中,不同濃度下的SOD活性受到不同程度的誘導(dǎo)作用,CAT活性和POD活性被不同程度的誘導(dǎo)或抑制。(4)生產(chǎn)階段煤層氣產(chǎn)出水對(duì)鯽魚(yú)的生長(zhǎng)有不同程度的抑制作用,而高濃度和低濃度的產(chǎn)出水在抑制鯽魚(yú)生長(zhǎng)上沒(méi)有顯著的差異。在鯽魚(yú)的鰓組織中,兩個(gè)處理組的SOD的活力呈先下降后上升的變化趨勢(shì),被顯著誘導(dǎo)或抑制;半濃度組的CAT活性變化趨勢(shì)呈先上升后下降,而全濃度組的CAT活性呈現(xiàn)上下波動(dòng),兩個(gè)處理組的CAT活性受到不同程度的誘導(dǎo)或抑制作用;全濃度組的POD活性在整個(gè)試驗(yàn)周期內(nèi)均被抑制,半濃度組的POD活性呈現(xiàn)下降的變化趨勢(shì),POD活性先受到誘導(dǎo)作用再受到抑制作用。在鯽魚(yú)的肝組織中,全濃度組SOD活性呈現(xiàn)先上升后下降再上升的變化趨勢(shì),而半濃度組的SOD活性呈現(xiàn)先降后升的變化趨勢(shì),兩個(gè)處理組的SOD活性被顯著誘導(dǎo)或抑制;CAT活性呈現(xiàn)下降的趨,在整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)周期,兩個(gè)處理組的CAT活性均被顯著抑制;半濃度組和全濃度組的POD活性呈現(xiàn)先上升后下降再上升的趨勢(shì),POD活性受到不同程度的誘導(dǎo)或抑制作用。上述研究結(jié)果表明,煤層氣產(chǎn)出水中主要含有氟化物、鐵、錳和有毒有害的有機(jī)物等污染組分,若不經(jīng)處理外排將對(duì)周邊的土壤、地表水體和地下水構(gòu)成污染威脅,同時(shí)將對(duì)污染區(qū)域內(nèi)的生物造成威脅。
[Abstract]:In the past ten years, coal seam gas in China has entered the stage of commercial development, the scale and intensity of mining have increased rapidly. The environmental effect of the production of water and the protection of water resources have become one of the important problems in the development of coal bed gas. The experiment of micronucleus in the root tip of broad bean was carried out with simulated water distribution, and the damage to the biological genetic material was discussed. The acute and subacute toxicity test of CBM produced water to Carassius auratus was carried out. The effects of CBM production on the growth of Carassius auratus and the effects of antioxidant enzymes were discussed. The following conclusions were obtained: (1) the coalbed gas field in the study area The water quality of the output water is high salinity, high salinity, trace element fluorides in water samples, total iron and total manganese content exceeding standard. The total amount of salt in the effluent of coalbed gas production is between 4125.4~4965.1mg/L and Cl~Na, and the content of organic matter is high in the stage of backdischarge. The total salt of the output water of coal bed gas is between 687.1~1613.7mg/L and its hydrochemistry at the stage of production. The main types are HCO3~Na type, part HCO3-Cl~Na, fluoride, iron, manganese and ammonia nitrogen. (2) the micronucleus test of the root tip of Vicia faba showed that the coal seam gas produced in the back row stage was toxic in the effluent, and the mutagenicity factors were more, mainly surface active agents and fungicides, which could damage the biological cell genetic mechanism and the production stage of coalbed methane production. There are few toxic and mutagenicity factors in the water, mainly iron, manganese, lead and conventional inorganic ions, which do not have great influence on the cell genetic function of the biological. (3) the acute toxicity test of the effluent to the Carassius auratus from the back row stage of the coal seam gas is carried out, and the 24h LC50,48h LC50,72h LC50 and 96h LC50 obtained by the improved colt method are respectively calculated. The safety concentration was 0.234%, 0.222%, 0.211% and 0.207%, and the safety concentration was 0.021%; the 24h LC50,48h LC50,72h LC50 and 96h LC50 were calculated by the probability unit method for 0.236%, 0.220%, 0.208% and 0.203% respectively. The safe concentration was in the gill tissue of the crucian carp after 0.020%. exposure. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly inhibited in 0.164% concentration, and the S of the other groups was S. The activity of OD was significantly induced, and the activity of catalase (CAT) was significantly inhibited and the activity of peroxidase (POD) was induced or inhibited in varying degrees. In liver tissues, the activity of SOD under different concentrations was induced by varying degrees. The activity of CAT and the activity of POD were induced or suppressed in varying degrees. (4) production There is no significant difference in the growth of Carassius auratus by the effluent of the CBM stage, while there is no significant difference in the growth of Carassius auratus by the high concentration and low concentration of the output water. In the gill tissue of the crucian carp, the activity of the SOD in the two treatment groups decreases and then rises, and the CAT activity changes in the semi concentration group. The CAT activity of the whole concentration group fluctuated up and down, and the CAT activity of the two treatment groups was induced or inhibited in different degrees. The POD activity of the whole concentration group was suppressed in the whole test period, the POD activity in the half concentration group showed a decreasing trend, and the POD activity was first induced to be induced again. In the liver tissue of Carassius auratus, the activity of SOD in the total concentration group showed a trend of rising and then decreasing, while the SOD activity in the semi concentration group showed a trend of first decreasing and then rising, and the SOD activity of the two treated groups was significantly induced or suppressed; the CAT activity showed a decline in activity, and the CAT activity of the two treated groups in the whole experimental period. The POD activity in the half concentration group and the full concentration group showed a trend of rising first and then decreasing and then rising, and the activity of POD was induced or inhibited in different degrees. The results showed that the main pollution components in the coal bed gas produced water were fluoride, iron, manganese and toxic and harmful organic matter, if the effluent was not treated by the outer row. The surrounding soil, surface water and underground water pose a pollution threat, and at the same time pose a threat to the organisms in the polluted area.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X741;X171.5

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