本文選題：多環(huán)芳烴 + 云霧水��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：多環(huán)芳烴作為在自然界廣泛存在的持久性有機污染物(POPs),基本上在大氣、水體、沉積物、土壤、植被等各種自然環(huán)境介質(zhì)中均有不同程度的檢出。人類也會在日常生活中通過皮膚、呼吸道、消化道等途徑接觸到不同來源的多環(huán)芳烴,導(dǎo)致皮膚癌、肺癌等疾病發(fā)病率的增加。本研究于2011年8月-9月和2012年3月-5月在廬山進行云霧水、雨水以及大氣樣品的采集,分析了多環(huán)芳烴的濃度水平、分布特征、沉降特征,并對人體致癌風(fēng)險和生態(tài)風(fēng)險進行評價。廬山云霧水樣品中,總多環(huán)芳烴的平均濃度(包括可溶相和不溶相)為819.90ng/L,其中菲、芴為含量最多的污染物質(zhì),其濃度分別為295.38ng/L和251.98ng/L,對總多環(huán)芳烴的貢獻率分別為33.11%和28.24%。云霧水中輕環(huán)多環(huán)芳烴(LMW)所占比例明顯高于高環(huán)多環(huán)芳烴(HMW)。云霧水中可溶相多環(huán)芳烴濃度占總濃度的77.45%。有較高的濃度在春季,而夏季濃度則較低。春季多環(huán)芳烴總濃度平均值為912.66 ng/L,而夏季多環(huán)芳烴總濃度平均值為430.35 ng/L。廬山雨水樣品中,總多環(huán)芳烴(包括可溶相和不溶相)的平均濃度為236.38ng/L。從PAHs種類上來看,雨水中含量最多的單體為PhA和Flu,分別占總多環(huán)芳烴濃度的63.17%和22.82%。雨水中所檢測出的多環(huán)芳烴主要以2-4環(huán)低分子量多環(huán)芳烴為主,高分子量多環(huán)芳烴大部分未檢測出,并且檢測出的含量較低。雨水中可溶相多環(huán)芳烴濃度明顯高于不溶相多環(huán)芳烴,占總多環(huán)芳烴濃度的77.32%。將一組來自同一氣流來向的時間相近的云霧事件和降水事件進行濃度比較分析,云霧水中多環(huán)芳烴濃度是雨水中多環(huán)芳烴濃度的1.80倍。廬山大氣樣品中,廬山春季大氣中總多環(huán)芳烴(氣相+顆粒相)平均濃度值為46.32 ng/m3；廬山夏季大氣中總多環(huán)芳烴(氣相+顆粒相)平均濃度值為35.96ng/m3;春季廬山大氣中多環(huán)芳烴濃度相對較高,夏季多環(huán)芳烴濃度相對較低。在所有采集的樣品中,苯并(a)的濃度都遠低于GB 3095—2012《環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量標準》一級標準限值(2.5 ng/m3)。挑選出一組云霧發(fā)生時間(Apri.20-21,云霧持續(xù)時間較長)與云前云后大氣樣品采樣時間相近的數(shù)據(jù),用來研究大氣中多環(huán)芳烴云沉降過程。當(dāng)云霧發(fā)生后,兩相中(氣相+顆粒相)各多環(huán)芳烴單體濃度都呈現(xiàn)出明顯的下降趨勢。云霧總清除率(氣相+顆粒相)變化范圍為4.69×103 (InP)-7.93×104 (BaA)。氣相多環(huán)芳烴的清除在云霧過程中處于主導(dǎo)地位。廬山顆粒物中以苯并(a)芘為參照的八種分子量228的多環(huán)芳烴單體的總致癌等效濃度TEQΣ8PAH以及總致突變等效濃度MEQΣ8PAH分別為3.172 ng/m3和1.419 ng/m3,分別為單一苯并(a)芘濃度的6.34倍和2.84倍。成人和兒童的多環(huán)芳烴終身致癌超額危險度為2.89×104和1.83×104。廬山云霧水和雨水中多環(huán)芳烴會對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生一定的危害,并且春季云霧水生態(tài)風(fēng)險高于夏季云霧水。
[Abstract]:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as persistent organic pollutants (pops) widely present in nature, can be detected in various natural environment media, such as atmosphere, water, sediment, soil, vegetation and so on. People will also be exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from different sources through skin, respiratory and digestive tract in their daily life, resulting in an increase in the incidence of skin cancer, lung cancer and other diseases. In this study, samples of cloud and mist water, Rain Water and atmosphere were collected in Lushan Mountain from August to September 2011 and from March to May 2012. The concentration, distribution and sedimentation characteristics of PAHs were analyzed. The risk of human carcinogenesis and ecological risk were evaluated. The average concentration of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (including soluble phase and insoluble phase) was 819.90 ng / L in cloud and mist water samples of Lushan Mountain. The concentrations of phenanthrene and fluorene were 295.38ng/L and 251.98 ng / L, respectively, and the contribution rates to total PAHs were 33.11% and 28.2424 ng / L, respectively. The proportion of light ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (LMWs) in cloud water is significantly higher than that in high ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMWs). Soluble phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cloud and mist water account for 77.45% of the total concentration. There were higher concentrations in spring and lower concentrations in summer. The average total concentration of PAHs in spring was 912.66 ng / L, while that in summer was 430.35 ng / L. The average concentration of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (including soluble phase and insoluble phase) in Rain Water sample of Lushan Mountain is 236.38 ng / L. According to the species of PAHs, PhA and Fluo were the most abundant monomers in Rain Water, accounting for 63.17% and 22.82% of total PAHs, respectively. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) detected in Rain Water were mainly 2-4 ring low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), but most of HMWHPAs were not detected, and the detected contents were relatively low. The concentration of soluble polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Rain Water was significantly higher than that in insoluble PAHs, accounting for 77.32g of the total PAHs concentration. The concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cloud and mist water is 1.80 times higher than that in Rain Water. In the atmosphere samples of Lushan, The mean concentration of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (gas phase particle phase) in the atmosphere in Lushan in spring is 46.32 ng / m ~ (3), the average concentration of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (gas phase) in the atmosphere in Lushan is 35.96 ng / m ~ (3) in summer, and the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmosphere of Lushan Mountain in spring is relatively high. The concentration of PAHs is relatively low in summer. In all the samples collected, the concentration of Benzo a is much lower than the first class limit of GB3095-2012 (ambient air quality standard), which is 2.5 ng / m ~ (3). A group of data, which is similar to the sampling time of atmosphere sample after cloud front cloud, is selected to study the precipitation process of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) cloud in the atmosphere, which is similar to the sample time of cloud and mist occurrence time (Apri.20-21, the duration of cloud fog is longer). When the cloud and fog occurred, the concentration of PAHs in the two phases (gas phase particle phase) showed an obvious downward trend. The total clearance rate of cloud and mist (gas phase particle phase) varied from 4.69 脳 10 ~ 3 to 7.93 脳 10 ~ 4 of BaAX. The scavenging of gaseous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is dominant in the process of cloud and mist. The total carcinogenic equivalent concentrations (TEQ 危 8PAH) and total mutagenic equivalent concentrations (MEQ 危 8PAH) of eight PAHs with a molecular weight of 228 in Lushan particulate matter were 3.172 ng/m3 and 1.419 ng / m3, respectively, which were 6.34 times and 2.84 times as much as that of single benzopyrene, respectively. The lifetime risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was 2.89 脳 10 ~ 4 and 1.83 脳 10 ~ 4 in adults and children. Cloud water in Lushan Mountain and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Rain Water could harm the ecosystem, and the ecological risk of cloud water in spring was higher than that in summer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X51

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