本文選題：汞 + 蒼鷺　； 參考：《東北林業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：研究汞在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)不同物種中的分布特征及生態(tài)效應,對于正確評價汞污染生態(tài)風險、保護敏感物種免受汞毒害是非常必要的。濕地是汞的“活性庫”,濕地鳥類是濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中重要的組成部分,為濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中營養(yǎng)級最高的類群,在食物鏈中處于頂端,濕地鳥類對汞的暴露主要是由于食用了富集汞的魚類,在濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中對汞的富集程度最高。三江平原位于黑龍江省東部,為中國最大的沼澤分布區(qū),區(qū)內水資源豐富,濕地類型較多,生物物種豐富,開展?jié)竦毓廴緦竦厥澄镦湹挠绊懠跋嚓P研究的意義在于,可以監(jiān)測濕地的污染情況,有效的為保護濕地及濕地鳥類提供依據(jù),還有助于保護濕地中的生物多樣性。于2013年6月10日至30日,在七星河濕地自然保護區(qū)、三江國家級自然保護區(qū)內分別采集蒼鷺(Ardea cinerea)、大白鷺(Egretta alba)羽毛、組織樣本,魚類樣本以及昆蟲樣本進行分析,研究了昆蟲、魚、鷺對總汞的生物富集效應,以探討汞在濕地食物鏈的傳遞與積累問題,研究結果如下：(1)七星河濕地自然保護區(qū)內蒼鷺雛鳥(胸羽)、成鳥(胸羽)、卵殼的平均總Hg含量分別為47.14±26.43μg/kg、825.97±418.00μg/kg、21.91±4.88μg/kg�？侶g含量分布大小順序：成鳥雛鳥卵殼。大白鷺雛鳥羽毛總Hg含量35.19±14.23μg/kg,與蒼鷺雛鳥相比,Hg含量水平較低,但統(tǒng)計學上無差異。(2)三江保護區(qū)蒼鷺雛鳥各組織總Hg含量：肝臟590.16±36.72μg/kg,腎臟409.28±30.68μg/kg,肌肉350.90±70.24μg/kg,腦182.63±11.23μg/kg。大白鷺雛鳥各組織總Hg含量：肝臟322.84±66.05μg/kg,腎臟230.15±18.01μg/kg,肌肉197.00±12.08μg/kg,腦111.23±23.50μg/kg。汞在兩鷺組織內分布規(guī)律相同：肝臟腎臟肌肉腦。組織內Hg含量：蒼鷺大白鷺。(3)七星河保護區(qū)內蒼鷺與大白鷺食性相比較,兩者食物百分率相似指數(shù)P=0.61。蒼鷺與大白鷺所食魚類總Hg含量大小順序：葛氏鱸塘鱧(Perccottus glenii Dybowski)拉氏渆(Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski)鯽魚(Carassius auratus)泥鰍(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)。將四種魚按照食性分為兩組：肉食性(葛氏鱸塘鱧)、雜食性(鯽魚、泥鰍、拉氏渆)。肉食性魚體總Hg含量雜食性魚體的總Hg含量。魚類體長與總Hg含量均呈正相關,魚體總Hg含量隨體長增長而增大。(4)三江保護區(qū)蒼鷺與大白鷺所食魚類總Hg含量大小順序：蛇泩(Saurogobio dabryi Bleeker)鯽魚(Carassius auratus)草魚(Grass carp)。汞在魚體中的分布規(guī)律：肉食性為主的雜食性魚類(蛇泩)草食性為主的雜食性魚類(鯽魚、草魚)。(5)兩個保護區(qū)昆蟲—魚—鷺食物鏈總Hg含量明顯呈遞增狀態(tài),汞在食物鏈的傳遞與積累情況明顯,食物鏈等級越高,其體內汞富集程度越高。
[Abstract]:It is necessary to study the distribution and ecological effects of mercury in the different species of the ecosystem. It is necessary to correctly evaluate the ecological risk of mercury pollution and protect the sensitive species from the toxicity of mercury. Wetland is the "active reservoir" of mercury. Wetland birds are the important components of the wetland ecosystem, which are the most nutritious groups in the wetland ecosystem. At the top of the food chain, the exposure of wetland birds to mercury is mainly due to the consumption of mercury enriched fish and the highest concentration of mercury in the wetland ecosystem. The Sanjiang plain is located in the eastern part of Heilongjiang Province, the largest wetland in China, rich in water resources, more types of wetlands, rich in biological species, and in developing wetland mercury. The impact of pollution on the wetland food chain and its significance is that it can monitor the pollution of the wetland, provide the basis for the protection of wetland and wetland birds effectively, and help protect the biodiversity in the wetland. In from June 10 to 30, 2013, in the Qixing wetland self protected area, the Sanjiang National Nature Reserve Ardea cinerea, Egretta Alba feathers, tissue samples, fish samples and insect samples were analyzed. The bioaccumulation effect of insects, fish and herons on total mercury was studied to discuss the transfer and accumulation of mercury in the wetland food chain. The results were as follows: (1) the heron nestlings in the Qixing Wetland Nature Reserve (Xiong Yu) In the bird (Xiong Yu), the average total Hg content of the egg shell was 47.14 + 26.43 mu g/kg, 825.97 + 418 mu g/kg, 21.91 + 4.88 g/kg. total Hg content distribution order: the egg shell of bird nestlings. The total Hg content of the egret nestlings was 35.19 + 14.23 mu g/kg, and the level of Hg content was lower than that of the heron nestlings, but there was no difference statistically. (2) Sanjiang protection area The total Hg content in the tissues of the heron's nestlings: the liver is 590.16 + 36.72 mu g/kg, the kidney is 409.28 + 30.68 mu g/kg, the muscle is 350.90 + 70.24 g/kg, the total Hg content of the tissues of the nestlings of the brain 182.63 + 11.23 u g/kg.: the liver is 322.84 + 66.05 Mu g/kg, the kidney is 230.15 + 18.01 mu g/kg, and the muscle 197 + 8 g/kg. The same rule of cloth: liver kidney and kidney muscle and brain. Hg content in the tissue: Heron heron. (3) comparison between heron and egrets in the Qixing River protection area, the similarity index of the percentage of food in the two kinds of food is the order of total Hg content in the fish egrets of P=0.61. heron and egret: Perccottus glenii Dybowski (Phoxinus lagowsk). II Dybowski) carp (Carassius auratus) loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus). Four kinds of fish were divided into two groups according to their feeding habits: meat eating (carp. Carp), omnivorous (carp, loach, Laplace). The total Hg content of the omnivorous fish body in the carnivorous fish body. The body length of fish was positively correlated with the total Hg content, and the total Hg content of the fish body was long with the body length. Increase and increase. (4) the order of total Hg content of fish food in Sanjiang protected heron and egret: Saurogobio dabryi Bleeker) carp (Carassius auratus) grass carp (Grass carp). The distribution of mercury in fish body: omnivorous fishes (Carassius auratus, grass carp) and two species of fish (crucian carp and grass carp). The total Hg content of the food chain of the insect fish Heron in the protected area was obviously increased. The transfer and accumulation of mercury in the food chain was obvious. The higher the food chain grade, the higher the concentration of mercury in the body.

【學位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X174;X503.225

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