本文選題：第二松花江流域 + 土壤-水稻系統(tǒng)��； 參考：《中國科學(xué)院研究生院（東北地理與農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究所）》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：第二松花江流域各灌區(qū)的水稻種植區(qū)為吉林省水稻生產(chǎn)優(yōu)勢區(qū)。各灌區(qū)灌溉水引用于第二松花江水,二松流經(jīng)吉林省工業(yè)與人口密集區(qū),可能受納于處理、半處理或未處理的生活污水和工業(yè)廢水,該河流歷史上還曾受到過嚴重的污染。本文以第二松花江流域典型灌區(qū)土壤與水稻為研究對象,采用GIS空間分析、累積評價、潛在風(fēng)險評價與健康風(fēng)險評價等方法,揭示了土壤與稻米中汞和砷含量現(xiàn)狀,探討了污染來源,分析了水稻各部位的分布規(guī)律,研究了土壤與稻米的風(fēng)險情況。主要結(jié)論如下:1.參照吉林省水稻土壤背景值和國家環(huán)境質(zhì)量標準(GB 15618-1995),各灌區(qū)Hg和As含量大部分都超過了背景值,少部分超出國家一級標準,僅永舒榆與松沐灌區(qū)土壤個別樣本中Hg含量超過二級標準。說明灌區(qū)土壤質(zhì)量基本上不會對植物生長造成危害,但因人類生產(chǎn)生活等活動使得As、Hg在土壤中已有一定程度的累積。2.二松流域典型灌區(qū)稻米Hg含量介于0.000045~0.01mg/kg之間,As含量范圍在0.00016~0.061mg/kg之間,稻米中Hg和As含量均在我國食品衛(wèi)生安全范圍內(nèi)。各灌區(qū)稻米中Hg平均含量排列順序為永舒渝(YSY)松渝(SY)前郭(QG)松城(SC)飲馬河(YMH)伊通河(YTH)松沐(SM);而As平均含量由大到小為飲馬河伊通河松沐松渝永舒渝松城前郭。3.Hg和As在成熟期水稻各不同部位的含量分布規(guī)律為根莖葉稻米。4.分布特征和相關(guān)性分析表明,土壤中的As和Hg來源不同,而兩者的來源都主要與人類活動有關(guān)。其中引用二松干流水源灌溉的灌區(qū)土壤中Hg的來源很可能與水源灌溉有關(guān),而土壤中As的來源可能與含As化肥農(nóng)藥施用等因素有關(guān)。土壤理化性質(zhì)影響分析結(jié)果顯示,土壤As與OM、N極顯著正相關(guān);土壤Hg與p H極顯著負相關(guān),而與OM極顯著正相關(guān)。稻米中Hg含量與土壤中Hg呈顯著正相關(guān)性,稻米中Hg與As互為顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系。土壤K對稻米Hg和As的影響達到顯著正相關(guān)水平,但稻米Hg和As與土壤p H、OM、N及P的相關(guān)性不顯著。5.參照吉林省水稻土壤背景值與國家土壤一級標準,采用的累積指數(shù)法與潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)法的評價結(jié)果均表明,第二松花江流域各灌區(qū)土壤未受到嚴重的生態(tài)污染危害,但受到了人類活動影響,已造成了土壤中Hg和As含量的一定程度的累積,其中永舒榆、松沐與飲馬河灌區(qū)Hg累積最嚴重。6.稻米的健康風(fēng)險評價結(jié)果表明,各灌區(qū)稻米中Hg、As不存在人體健康風(fēng)險。但以US EPA的參數(shù)值人體最大允許攝入量RFD(reference dose)值為依據(jù)所得的評估結(jié)果表明,稻米Hg對人體健康無明顯影響,但局部地區(qū)稻米中As存在健康風(fēng)險隱患。
[Abstract]:The rice growing area in the second Songhua River valley is the dominant area of rice production in Jilin Province. The irrigation water of each irrigation district is used in the second Songhua River, and the second pine flows through the industrial and densely populated areas of Jilin Province, and may be absorbed in the treated, semi-treated or untreated domestic sewage and industrial wastewater. The river has also been seriously polluted in history. The present situation of mercury and arsenic content in soil and rice was revealed by GIS spatial analysis, cumulative assessment, potential risk assessment and health risk assessment. The source of pollution and the distribution of rice were analyzed. The risk of soil and rice was studied. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. Referring to the background value of rice soil in Jilin Province and the national environmental quality standard (GB15618-1995N), most of the Hg and as contents in each irrigation district exceeded the background value, and a few exceeded the national first class standard. Only the content of Hg in some soil samples of Yongshu and Songmu irrigation areas exceeded the second class standard. The results showed that the soil quality in irrigated area was not harmful to plant growth, but the accumulation of Ash Hg in soil was to a certain extent due to human activities such as production and living. The Hg content of rice in the typical irrigation area of Ersong River Basin was between 0.000045~0.01mg/kg and 0.00016~0.061mg/kg, and the Hg and as contents in rice were both in the range of food hygiene and safety in China. The order of the average content of Hg in rice in each irrigation district is YSYYYSYYSYYYYY) QG (SCM) YMHH) YTH) SMN, while the average content of as is 3.3Hg and 3.Hg in Yitong River, Yitong River, YT River, YTH River, YTH River, YTH River, Yinma River, Yitong River, Yitong River, Yitong River, Yitong River, Yitong River, Yitong River, YTH River, YTH River, YTH River, Y@@ The distribution law of as content in different parts of rice at maturity stage was as follows: rhizome, leaf and rice. 4. The distribution characteristics and correlation analysis showed that the sources of as and Hg in soil were different, and both of them were mainly related to human activities. The source of Hg in the soil of irrigated area with water source of Ersong main stream is probably related to water source irrigation, while the source of as in soil may be related to the application of chemical fertilizer and pesticide containing as. The results of soil physical and chemical property analysis showed that soil as was significantly positively correlated with OMN, soil Hg was negatively correlated with pH and OM significantly positively correlated. There was a significant positive correlation between Hg content in rice and Hg in soil, and significant positive correlation between Hg and as in rice. The effect of soil K on Hg and as in rice reached a significant positive correlation level, but the correlation between Hg and as in rice and soil pHOMN and P was not significant. 5. According to the background value of rice soil in Jilin Province and the first grade national soil standard, the results of the cumulative index method and the potential ecological hazard index method showed that the soil of the irrigation areas in the second Songhua River Basin was not seriously damaged by ecological pollution. However, the accumulation of Hg and as in soil has been caused by human activities, among which the accumulation of Hg in Yongshu, Songmu and Yinmahe irrigation areas is the most serious. The results of rice health risk assessment showed that there was no human health risk in rice. However, based on the maximum allowable intake (RFD(reference) of US EPA, the results showed that rice Hg had no significant effect on human health, but there were health risks in local rice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院（東北地理與農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究所）
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53;X56;X82

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