本文選題：巨菌草　切入點(diǎn)：鎘脅迫　出處：《四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：植物的正常生長發(fā)育常受到自然界的諸多環(huán)境因子的影響,如低溫、干旱、洪澇等此外在我國工農(nóng)業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展的背景下,人類的頻繁活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致生態(tài)環(huán)境日益惡化,以土壤重金屬污染為首的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題嚴(yán)重影響植株的生長繁殖。本研究以巨菌草(Puelia sinese Roxb)為研究對(duì)象,采用盆栽控制實(shí)驗(yàn)的方式,利用控水和控制重金屬的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法,設(shè)計(jì)了對(duì)照(75%田間持水量(FC))、干旱(25% FC)、重金屬鎘(3 mg/kg)及其交互作用(25% FC 3mg/kg)四個(gè)處理。研究了干旱和重金屬鎘對(duì)巨菌草生長、氣體交換、光合色素、生理生化、養(yǎng)分特征、Cd積累與分配的影響。主要研究結(jié)果如下：干旱、鎘脅迫及其交互作用都引起了植株的膜脂過氧化,增加了植株活性氧的積累,影響植株的正常生長,從而降低其生物量。在干旱條件下,植株的氣體交換速率和凈光合速率顯著降低,這使植株能更好利用有限的水資源,植株過氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、過氧化氫酶(CAT)活性顯著升高,表明其清除活性氧的能力增強(qiáng),從而阻止膜脂過氧化,達(dá)到保護(hù)細(xì)胞的目的,植株的耐性系數(shù)達(dá)到0.72,這些都表明巨菌草具有較強(qiáng)的抗干旱的性能；在鎘脅迫下,植株改變了其生長特征,類胡蘿卜素、脯氨酸以及CAT活性顯著升高,以適應(yīng)鎘脅迫,植株的耐性系數(shù)達(dá)到0.72,表明巨菌草具有較強(qiáng)的耐鎘能力；在交互作用下,鎘和干旱交互作用打破了植株活性氧平衡,植株CAT、POD、抗壞血酸過氧化物酶(APX)活性的增加,表明植株為應(yīng)對(duì)交互作用,出現(xiàn)活性氧的積累,各種抗氧化物酶活性增加,從而維持植株細(xì)胞內(nèi)活性氧平衡,因而巨菌草營養(yǎng)生長和生物量的積累有一定程度的下降,但與單一的干旱、重金屬脅迫相比,植株的生物量并無顯著下降,說明干旱和鎘的交互作用對(duì)巨菌草的生物量無顯著疊加效應(yīng)；植株的耐性系數(shù)達(dá)到0.74,表明巨菌草在交互脅迫下也能夠正常生長。巨菌草植株對(duì)鎘的抽提效果而言,無干旱脅迫下的植株對(duì)鎘的抽提總量高于干旱脅迫下的植株,單一重金屬處理的巨菌草地上部分鎘含量為5.41 mg/kg;交互處理巨菌草地上部分鎘含量為4.60 mg/kg,按巨菌草平均鮮草產(chǎn)量為213,900 kg/hm2,干物質(zhì)產(chǎn)量約150,000 kg/hm2推算,巨菌草在鎘脅迫下可以抽提鎘0.82 kg/hm2,在交互脅迫下可以抽提鎘0.69 kg/hm2,根據(jù)巨菌草較強(qiáng)的抗旱性能和對(duì)重金屬鎘的耐性和修復(fù)特性,該物種在干旱區(qū)域的生態(tài)恢復(fù)重建和鎘污染土壤修復(fù)方面具有較高的應(yīng)用價(jià)值可以用于干旱條件中的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)以及污染環(huán)境治理。
[Abstract]:Effects of many environmental factors, often by nature, the normal growth and development of plants such as low temperature, drought, floods and other in the rapid development of industry and agriculture in China under the background of frequent human activities lead to the deteriorating ecological environment, the ecological environment problems in heavy metal contaminated soil by seriously affected plant growth and reproduction in this study. Jujun grass (Puelia Sinese Roxb) as the research object, by pot experiment, using the experimental method of water control and control of heavy metals, the design of the control (75% field capacity (FC)), drought (25% FC), cadmium (3 mg/kg) and their interactions (25% FC 3mg/kg) four treatment study on the drought and heavy metal cadmium. The growth of giant JUNCAO gas exchange, photosynthetic pigment, physiological and biochemical characteristics, nutrient accumulation and distribution, effect of Cd. The main results are as follows: drought, and their interactions are caused by cadmium stress The membrane lipid peroxidation of plant, plant increased the accumulation of ROS, affecting the normal growth of the plant, thereby reducing the biomass. Under drought conditions, the plant gas exchange rate and net photosynthetic rate decreased significantly, the plant can make better use of limited water resources, plant peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activity increased significantly, that enhance the ability of scavenging active oxygen, thereby preventing lipid peroxidation, protect cells, plant tolerance coefficient reached 0.72, which shows that the performance of giant JUNCAO has strong resistance to drought stress in cadmium; next, the plant changed its growth characteristics, carotenoids, proline and CAT activity increased significantly, to cadmium stress, plant tolerance coefficient reached 0.72, showed that Jujun grass has strong resistance to cadmium stress; the interaction of cadmium, and drought over The interaction has broken the balance of active oxygen plant, CAT plant, POD, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity increased, showed that in response to the interaction, appear the accumulation of active oxygen and increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes, so as to maintain the balance of active oxygen in plant cells, thus Jujun grass vegetative growth and biomass accumulation a certain degree of decline, but with a single drought, heavy metal stress, no plant biomass decreased significantly, indicating the biomass of drought and cadmium interaction on giant JUNCAO no significant additive effect; plant tolerance coefficient reached 0.74, also showed that Jujun grass can grow normally in the interaction under the stress of cadmium extraction effect. Jujun grass plants, no amount of extraction of cadmium under drought stress was higher than that of plants under drought stress, the giant bacteria on the grassland of single heavy metal cadmium content was 5.41 mg/kg Interactive processing; giant grass bacteria cadmium content was 4.60 mg/kg, according to the average Jujun grass grass yield of 213900 kg/hm2, the dry matter yield of about 150000 kg/hm2 projections, Jujun grass under cadmium stress can extract 0.82 kg/hm2 CD, under the stress of cadmium in interaction can extract 0.69 kg/hm2, according to the drought resistance and the strong Jujun grass cadmium tolerance and repair characteristics, this species has higher application value and cadmium pollution remediation of soil ecological restoration in arid region can be used in drought conditions in agricultural production and environmental pollution control.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X173;X53

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本文編號(hào)：1721449