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  本文選題：茶皂素　切入點(diǎn)：黑麥草　出處：《上海大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：表面活性劑強(qiáng)化植物修復(fù)是對重金屬和有機(jī)污染修復(fù)的有效手段,在污染修復(fù)領(lǐng)域具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景,但目前尚未完全弄清其修復(fù)機(jī)制。本文從表面活性劑強(qiáng)化植物對土壤中污染物不同形態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化及提高生物可利用形態(tài)的角度進(jìn)行研究。選擇了四種表面活性劑,通過模擬土壤環(huán)境,篩選出40 mg L-1的茶皂素與供試植物黑麥草強(qiáng)化修復(fù)芘和鎘單一與復(fù)合污染土壤。研究了茶皂素在單一和復(fù)合污染土壤中對污染物的增溶作用、污染物不同形態(tài)之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系、單一和復(fù)合污染物之間的相互作用、黑麥草對污染物的富集降解效果、植物的過氧化氫酶(CAT)和過氧化物酶(POD)活性、土壤微生物活性、土壤脫氫酶(DHA)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性和茶皂素及污染物對黑麥草根和葉的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。(1)從四種表面活性劑中篩選出茶皂素40mg kg-1進(jìn)行修復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)。茶皂素對Cd和芘都有很好的增溶作用,促進(jìn)Fe-Mn氧化態(tài)Cd和碳酸鹽結(jié)合態(tài)Cd向可交換態(tài)Cd轉(zhuǎn)化,促進(jìn)吸附態(tài)芘向生物可利用態(tài)芘轉(zhuǎn)化。在復(fù)合污染土壤中,Cd的存在會促進(jìn)芘的增溶作用,芘抑制Cd的增溶作用。(2)污染物對種子萌發(fā)具有一定的脅迫作用,但不影響植物的正常萌發(fā)。添加40mg kg-1的茶皂素可以增加植物的生物量,促進(jìn)其對芘和Cd的降解與富集,提高植物中的CAT和POD酶活性及土壤中的DHA和PPO酶活性,增強(qiáng)植物的抗逆性和自我保護(hù)機(jī)制。添加茶皂素使土壤中可利用態(tài)污染物含量增多,促使土壤中微生物活性增加,提高微生物協(xié)同植物降解和富集污染物,加快植物和微生物降解和富集土壤中污染物的過程。Cd和芘的富集部位主要集中在黑麥草的根部,Cd在土壤中有向下遷移作用。(3)通過SEM掃描電鏡觀察茶皂素強(qiáng)化修復(fù)后的植物根和葉的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)植物受到污染物脅迫之后,會產(chǎn)生防御機(jī)制,在葉或根的表面分泌白色顆粒物,或者在根的表面產(chǎn)生褶皺和突起來保護(hù)植物的基本生理特征。添加茶皂素會活化污染物,加快植物修復(fù)進(jìn)程。茶皂素作為生物可降解表面活性劑,在污染物修復(fù)領(lǐng)域?qū)⒕哂蟹浅：玫膽?yīng)用前景。本文研究了茶皂素強(qiáng)化黑麥草對芘、鎘污染土壤修復(fù)的強(qiáng)化作用及污染物形態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化機(jī)制,為表面活性劑強(qiáng)化植物修復(fù)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用提供了支持。
[Abstract]:Surfactant enhanced phytoremediation is an effective method for remediation of heavy metals and organic pollutants. It has a broad prospect of application in the field of pollution remediation, but its remediation mechanism has not been fully understood.In this paper, the surface active agent was used to enhance the transformation of different forms of pollutants in soil and to improve the bioavailable forms.Four surfactants were selected. By simulating the soil environment, 40 mg L-1 tea saponin and ryegrass were selected to strengthen the remediation of pyrene and cadmium single and compound contaminated soil.The solubilization of tea saponin in single and compound polluted soil, the relationship between different forms of pollutants, the interaction between single and complex pollutants, and the enrichment and degradation effect of ryegrass on pollutants were studied.The activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in plants, soil microbial activity,Soil dehydrogenase (DHA) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities and the effects of tea saponin and its pollutants on the microstructure of ryegrass roots and leaves.Tea saponin has a good solubilization effect on both CD and pyrene. It can promote the conversion of Fe-Mn oxidized CD and carbonate bound CD to exchangeable CD and adsorbed pyrene to bioavailable pyrene.The existence of CD in compound polluted soil could promote the solubilization of pyrene. Pyrene inhibited the solubilization of CD. 2) pollutants had a certain stress effect on seed germination, but did not affect the normal germination of plants.Tea saponin supplemented with 40mg kg-1 could increase the biomass of plants, promote the degradation and enrichment of pyrene and CD, increase the activities of CAT and POD in plants and DHA and PPO in soil, and enhance the resistance and self-protection mechanism of plants.The addition of tea saponin increased the content of available pollutants in soil, promoted the microbial activity in soil, and enhanced the biodegradation and accumulation of pollutants by microbes.Accelerated degradation and enrichment of pollutants in soil by plants and microorganisms. CD and pyrene enrichment sites are mainly concentrated in the roots of ryegrass. CD has downward migration in the soil.) the enhanced remediation of tea saponin was observed by SEM scanning electron microscope.The microstructures of the roots and leaves of the later plants.When plants are stressed by pollutants, they produce defense mechanisms, secreting white particles on the surface of leaves or roots, or ruffling and protruding on the surface of roots to protect the basic physiological characteristics of plants.Adding tea saponin activates pollutants and speeds up the process of phytoremediation.Tea saponin, as a biodegradable surfactant, will have a good application prospect in the field of pollutant remediation.The enhancement effect of tea saponin on remediation of pyrene and cadmium contaminated soil and the mechanism of transformation of pollutants form were studied in this paper, which provided support for the development and application of surfactant enhanced phytoremediation technology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53;X173

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 邱廷省,王俊峰,羅仙平;重金屬污染土壤治理技術(shù)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀與展望[J];四川有色金屬;2003年02期

2 馬玲;劉文長;g⑿，

本文編號：1721442