本文選題：廢棄油基鉆井液　切入點(diǎn)：無害化處理　出處：《東北石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國油氣勘探開發(fā)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,油基鉆井液技術(shù)也逐漸發(fā)展,同時(shí)鉆井過程中產(chǎn)生的廢液數(shù)量也在不斷增加。廢棄油基鉆井液中含有大量石油類以及重金屬元素等,對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生的巨大的影響。目前,針對廢棄油基鉆井液處理技術(shù)并不完善,且存在明顯缺點(diǎn)和局限性。如何將廢棄油基鉆井液進(jìn)行合理化處理也成為了阻礙我國鉆井技術(shù)發(fā)展的一大難題。本文從油基鉆井液的組成、性質(zhì)以及功能三方面對其進(jìn)行介紹,然后列舉一些常用的處理方法和國內(nèi)外最新研究成果;再而,對廢棄油基鉆井液的浸出液進(jìn)行了分析測定,確定了pH、COD、油類以及重金屬等污染因子的含量;然后分析了廢棄油基鉆井液以及固液分離產(chǎn)生的泥渣的組成,對固液分離產(chǎn)出液進(jìn)行了化學(xué)破乳試驗(yàn),確定了最佳破乳條件。最后對固液分離產(chǎn)生的泥渣和固液分離產(chǎn)出液破乳后產(chǎn)生的廢水進(jìn)行了超臨界水氧化試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)分析結(jié)果表明:廢棄油基鉆井液中含有但并未超過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的金屬元素有鎳、六價(jià)鉻、總鉻、鎘、銅、鉛、鋅、鈹;不含有汞、銀、硒、砷等污染物;晶石粉(BaSO4)是鉆井液的重要組成成分,因而鉆井液中含有鋇元素的含量達(dá)到允許排放的限值。雖然pH處于正常范圍,但是其他的石油類、化學(xué)需氧量COD均超出標(biāo)準(zhǔn),分析結(jié)果顯示石油類高達(dá)34776 mg/L,超標(biāo)3477.6倍,COD高達(dá)198765 mg/L,超標(biāo)1325.1倍。因此可知廢棄油基鉆井為危險(xiǎn)廢棄物,若不經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格的處理就排放到環(huán)境中,將對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生極大的危害。對化學(xué)破乳法回收油進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)研究,其最佳破乳條件:破乳劑SP加劑量40 mg/L,PAC加劑量800 mg/L,PAM加劑量8 mg/L,破乳時(shí)間60 min,破乳溫度65℃,離心轉(zhuǎn)速3500 r/min,離心時(shí)間為4 min。在破乳最佳條件下,油回收率可達(dá)90.03%,破乳所產(chǎn)生的廢水COD為4213 mg/L,超出《污水綜合排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB8978-1996)二級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限值,需要進(jìn)行再次處理。采用超臨界水氧化法處理固液分離所得泥渣和固液分離產(chǎn)出液破乳所得廢水,其最佳反應(yīng)條件:反應(yīng)溫度為450℃,反應(yīng)壓力為26 MPa,停留時(shí)間為10 min,氧化劑過氧比為4,初始COD濃度為2400 mg/L,p H為10。在最佳反應(yīng)條件下,反應(yīng)物COD的去除率可達(dá)97%,處理后泥渣的含油量為355 mg/kg,低于《農(nóng)用污泥中污染物控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB4284-84)限值。廢水的COD含量為68 mg/L,低于《污水綜合排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB8978-1996)二級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限值。
[Abstract]:With the development of oil and gas exploration and development technology in China, oil based drilling fluid technology is developing gradually, and the amount of waste fluid produced in drilling process is also increasing.The waste oil base drilling fluid contains a large amount of petroleum and heavy metal elements, which has a great impact on the environment.At present, the waste oil-based drilling fluid treatment technology is not perfect, and there are obvious shortcomings and limitations.How to rationalize the waste oil-based drilling fluid has also become a major problem hindering the development of drilling technology in China.In this paper, the composition, properties and functions of oil-based drilling fluid are introduced, then some common treatment methods and the latest research results at home and abroad are listed, and the leaching fluid of waste oil-based drilling fluid is analyzed and determined.The content of pollution factors such as pH = COD, oil and heavy metals were determined, and then the composition of waste oil-based drilling fluid and sludge produced by solid-liquid separation was analyzed, and the chemical demulsification test was carried out to determine the optimum demulsification conditions.Finally, the supercritical water oxidation test was carried out on the sludge produced by solid-liquid separation and the waste water produced by solid-liquid separation after demulsification.The results show that the metal elements in the waste oil base drilling fluid are nickel, hexavalent chromium, total chromium, cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, beryllium, mercury, silver, selenium, arsenic and other pollutants, and the metal elements in the waste oil base drilling fluid are nickel, hexavalent chromium, total chromium, cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, beryllium, etc.BaSO4) is an important component of drilling fluid, so the content of barium in drilling fluid reaches the allowable emission limit.Although the pH is in the normal range, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of other petroleum is above the standard. The results show that the oil is up to 34776 mg / L, 3477.6 times higher than the standard, 198765 mg / L, 1325.1 times higher than the standard.Therefore, waste oil-based drilling is a hazardous waste, if it is discharged into the environment without strict treatment, it will cause great harm to the environment.The optimum demulsifying conditions were as follows: the demulsifying agent SP plus 40 mg / L PAC plus 800 mg / L PAM + 8 mg / L, the demulsifying time was 60 min, the demulsifying temperature was 65 鈩，

本文編號：1708309