本文選題：鎘　切入點：農(nóng)用地　出處：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：《全國土壤污染狀況調(diào)查公報》由環(huán)保部和國土資源部于2014年聯(lián)合發(fā)布,報告顯示全國土壤環(huán)境污染形勢比較嚴(yán)峻。重金屬污染嚴(yán)重影響著農(nóng)用地的健康,尤其是鎘污染超標(biāo)問題,已經(jīng)危及到我國的稻米安全。本文通過采用理論分析與實證分析相結(jié)合以及GIS空間分析等方法,主要研究了鎘超標(biāo)農(nóng)用地安全利用評價方法以及通過地類轉(zhuǎn)換達(dá)到農(nóng)用地安全利用目標(biāo)的相關(guān)方案。本文以A鎮(zhèn)為研究區(qū),以重金屬鎘為研究對象,利用Arc GIS強大的空間分析功能,展開實證研究,取得了以下研究成果:(1)以眾多理論為基礎(chǔ),本文界定了重金屬超標(biāo)農(nóng)用地安全利用評價的相關(guān)概念和內(nèi)涵,探討了重金屬超標(biāo)農(nóng)用地安全利用評價指標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值確定的方法。(2)本文通過采用反距離加權(quán)法對p H值和鎘含量進行插值,分析了A鎮(zhèn)p H值和鎘在全鎮(zhèn)內(nèi)的空間分布狀況,發(fā)現(xiàn)研究區(qū)的大部分土壤為中性和酸性,小部分堿性土壤分布在城鎮(zhèn)周圍。A鎮(zhèn)大部分區(qū)域處于無污染的狀態(tài),Cd污染屬于局部性質(zhì),主要集中分布在城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)東、西、南三側(cè)。在空間分布規(guī)律上,p H與Cd具有很強的正相關(guān)關(guān)系。(3)以《土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB15618—2008)二級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為依據(jù),利用單因子指數(shù)評價法,分地類進行了安全利用評價,分析了重金屬鎘的污染程度與空間分布。旱地、水田、菜地利用方式下大部分區(qū)域沒有污染,鎘污染比較明顯的區(qū)域主要分布在城鎮(zhèn)周圍。根據(jù)相同p H值下不同地類對重金屬鎘的安全利用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不同,本文分情況進行了地類轉(zhuǎn)換模式可能性及可行性的探討。(4)提出了重金屬超標(biāo)農(nóng)用地安全利用的政策及建議。首先,研究確定重金屬超標(biāo)農(nóng)用地安全利用目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向機制;其次,完善有限目標(biāo)修復(fù)、阻控污染環(huán)境整治的體制機制;再次,為國土部門順利開展農(nóng)用地管理工作研究系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)定;最后,注重公眾參與,建立政策激勵和舉報制度。對鎘超標(biāo)農(nóng)用地進行安全利用評價進而研究通過地類轉(zhuǎn)換的方法來最大限度減少農(nóng)用地相對污染的程度和面積,對于進行有限修復(fù)、降低修復(fù)工程的費效比有積極意義,有助于我們通過最經(jīng)濟可行的方式來實現(xiàn)重金屬污染農(nóng)用地的安全利用。
[Abstract]:The "National soil pollution Survey" was jointly issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Land and Resources in 2014. The report shows that the situation of soil environmental pollution in the whole country is relatively serious. Heavy metal pollution seriously affects the health of agricultural land. In particular, the problem of cadmium pollution exceeding the standard has endangered the safety of rice in China. This paper adopts the methods of combining theoretical analysis with empirical analysis and GIS spatial analysis, etc. This paper mainly studies the evaluation method of cadmium overstandard agricultural land safety utilization and the related scheme to reach the goal of agricultural land safety utilization through land conversion. This paper takes town A as the research area and cadmium heavy metal as the research object. Using the powerful spatial analysis function of Arc GIS, the empirical research is carried out, and the following research results are obtained: 1) based on many theories, this paper defines the related concepts and connotations of the safety evaluation of heavy metals in agricultural land. This paper discusses the method of determining the standard value of safety evaluation index of heavy metal over standard agricultural land.) in this paper, by using inverse distance weighting method to interpolate pH value and cadmium content, the spatial distribution of pH value and cadmium content in town A is analyzed. It was found that most of the soils in the study area were neutral and acidic, and a small part of alkaline soil distributed in the non-polluted state of most areas around town A. CD pollution was localized and mainly distributed in the east and west of urban areas. According to the second grade standard of "soil Environmental quality Standard" (GB15618-2008), the safety utilization evaluation was carried out by using single factor index evaluation method. The pollution degree and spatial distribution of heavy metal cadmium were analyzed. There was no pollution in most areas of dry land, paddy field and vegetable field. The areas where cadmium pollution is obvious are mainly distributed around cities and towns. According to the safe utilization standards of heavy metal cadmium in different land species under the same pH value, In this paper, the possibility and feasibility of land conversion model are discussed. 4) the policy and suggestion of safe utilization of heavy metals over standard agricultural land are put forward. Firstly, the target guiding mechanism of heavy metals over standard agricultural land is studied; secondly, the target guiding mechanism of safety utilization of heavy metals over standard agricultural land is studied. Improve the institutional mechanism for the restoration of limited objectives and control pollution of the environment; thirdly, research a series of standards and regulations for the smooth development of agricultural land management for the land sector; finally, pay attention to public participation, Establish policy incentive and reporting system, evaluate the safe utilization of agricultural land with cadmium exceeding standard, and study the method of land conversion to minimize the relative pollution degree and area of agricultural land, and carry out limited remediation. Reducing the cost-efficiency ratio of restoration works is of positive significance, which is helpful for us to realize the safe utilization of agricultural land contaminated by heavy metals in the most economical and feasible way.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 佟寶輝;張忠慶;趙立剛;劉金華;楊靖民;;吉林省中部黑土區(qū)土壤微量元素分布及空間變異特征研究[J];安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2012年14期

2 呼紅霞;趙燁;鄖文聚;朱宇恩;陳志凡;楊旭;;復(fù)合污染背景下陸地棉對土壤鎘的耐受和富集特征[J];北京師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2011年02期

3 謝建治,劉樹慶,王立敏,高如泰,陳曉東;保定市郊土壤重金屬污染現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查及其評價[J];河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報;2002年01期

4 李強;蘇強;趙燁;鄖文聚;孫雷;李武艷;李天杰;;基于土地產(chǎn)能的城郊農(nóng)用地健康評價體系與方法探討[J];地理與地理信息科學(xué);2008年01期

5 李強;;基于能值分析與模糊評價的農(nóng)用地健康評價方法探討[J];地理與地理信息科學(xué);2011年02期

6 陳興仁;周俊;;安徽江淮地區(qū)土壤微量元素分布特征及成因分析[J];安徽地質(zhì);2012年02期

7 劉云國,李欣,徐敏,甘海明;土壤重金屬鎘污染的植物修復(fù)與土壤酶活性[J];湖南大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2002年04期

8 駱永明;;污染土壤修復(fù)技術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀與趨勢[J];化學(xué)進展;2009年Z1期

9 李純乾;林素蘭;柳金庫;;層次分析法在遼東山區(qū)坡耕地生態(tài)安全評價中的應(yīng)用[J];遼寧農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2011年05期

10 周潔紅,錢峰燕,馬成武;食品安全管理問題研究與進展[J];農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟問題;2004年04期

，

本文編號：1673554