本文選題：養(yǎng)殖水體　切入點(diǎn)：氧化亞氮(N2O)　出處：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著大氣中氧化亞氮(N2O)、甲烷(CH4)和二氧化碳(CO2)等溫室氣體含量的日益增加,促使越來越多的N2O、CH4和CO2溶存到水體中;與此同時(shí),水體也向大氣釋放了更多的N2O、CH4和CO2,使得水體成為了最重要的源與匯之一。雖然養(yǎng)殖水體僅占全球水體很小一部分的水域面積,由于它受人為擾動(dòng)大的原因,養(yǎng)殖水體仍在全球碳、氮循環(huán)的過程中仍起到不可或缺的作用,是全球溫室氣體源與匯的重要組成部分之一。但目前養(yǎng)殖水體溫室氣體的溶存及排放的現(xiàn)狀仍不明確。本研究于2014年1月至2014年11月期間,以華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)水產(chǎn)學(xué)院二號(hào)教學(xué)基地的養(yǎng)殖水體為對(duì)象,用氣相色譜法測(cè)定N2O、CH4和CO2的溶存濃度和交換通量,并同步測(cè)定水體的溫度、p H和可溶性碳、氮等環(huán)境因素,研究養(yǎng)殖類水體中溫室氣體的溶存、交換通量以及環(huán)境因子對(duì)前兩者的影響,旨在為我國(guó)養(yǎng)殖水體溫室氣體的排放與減排提供依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)養(yǎng)殖水體中溶存的溫室氣體在不同深度水體中濃度分布各具特征:N2O濃度在表層、中間層和底層這三個(gè)深度層分布較均勻,其濃度的變化范圍為:0.33~15.79μg L-1;CH4則普遍以底層濃度較高,以秋季時(shí)最為顯著,其濃度變化范圍為:1.11~84.09μg L-1;CO2濃度則以底層濃度較低,其整體濃度變化范圍為:840~10910μg L-1。(2)養(yǎng)殖水體中三種溫室氣體總體上均處于飽和至過飽和狀態(tài)。其中,N2O和CO2溶解飽和度在不同深度上沒有顯著差異。夏季時(shí)N2O溶解飽和度稍高于其他三季,人為管理等因素會(huì)對(duì)養(yǎng)殖水體CO2飽和度產(chǎn)生影響。在夏季和秋季時(shí),底層的CH4溶解飽和度要顯著高于表層和中間層,且養(yǎng)殖水體CH4溶解飽和度與湖泊變化范圍最為接近。(3)總體上來說,養(yǎng)殖水體是大氣N2O、CH4和CO2的源。其氣—水界面N2O、CH4和CO2交換通量的變化范圍分別在:-0.033~0.462μg m-2 h-1,0.014~6.231μg m-2 h-1和-15.372~2395.543μg m-2 h-1之間。其中,N2O的排放高峰出現(xiàn)在夏季,而CH4和CO2的排放高峰在夏季和秋季。相對(duì)于平原河流、野生濕地、湖泊源頭溪流水體和淺水池塘以及水庫來說,養(yǎng)殖水體對(duì)N2O和CO2的吸收較小。相對(duì)于淺水池塘來說,養(yǎng)殖水體對(duì)CH4的吸收較小,但大于部分地區(qū)的富營(yíng)養(yǎng)湖泊。(4)養(yǎng)殖水體中溶存的N2O是通過硝化—反硝化耦合作用產(chǎn)生的,其中硝化作用對(duì)N2O的形成貢獻(xiàn)最大,NO3-和DTN(可溶性總氮)是控制水體中N2O產(chǎn)生和釋放的主要環(huán)境影響因子;當(dāng)水體中SO42-濃度過高時(shí)會(huì)抑制CH4產(chǎn)生,而在缺氧狀態(tài)下水體中可溶性無機(jī)碳的增加會(huì)促進(jìn)CH4的排放;p H是控制水體中CO2溶存含量多少的主要環(huán)境因子;在水體中DO(溶解氧)充足情況下,CH4在從沉積物向水面擴(kuò)散的過程中有一部分會(huì)被氧化成CO2釋放到大氣中。
[Abstract]:With the increasing contents of such greenhouse gases as nitrous oxide (N _ 2O _ 4), methane (Ch _ 4) and CO _ 2 (CO _ 2) in the atmosphere, more and more N _ 2O _ (2) Ch _ (4) and CO2 are dissolved in water bodies; at the same time, Water also releases more N2O-CH4 and CO2 to the atmosphere, making it one of the most important sources and sinks. Aquaculture waters still play an indispensable role in the global carbon and nitrogen cycle. Is an important component of global greenhouse gas sources and sinks. However, the current status of greenhouse gas dissolution and emissions in aquaculture water remains unclear. This study was conducted from January 2014 to November 2014, The dissolved concentration and exchange flux of N _ 2O _ 4 Ch _ 4 and CO2 were determined by gas chromatography, and the temperature, pH, soluble carbon, nitrogen and other environmental factors in the water were measured simultaneously, taking the culture water body of the No. 2 teaching base of Huazhong Agricultural University as the object, and the gas chromatography was used to determine the dissolved concentration and exchange flux of N _ 2O _ 4 and CO2. To study the effects of greenhouse gas solubilization, exchange flux and environmental factors on the first two types of water, The main results are as follows: (1) the concentration distribution of greenhouse gases dissolved in aquaculture water bodies in different depths is characterized by the concentration distribution of N 2O in the surface layer. In the middle layer and the bottom layer, the distribution of the three depth layers is more uniform. The range of concentration variation is: 0.33 ~ 15.79 渭 g / L ~ (-1) Ch _ (4), which is generally higher in the bottom layer, especially in autumn, and the change range of the concentration is in the range of: 1.11 ~ 84.09 渭 g / L ~ (-1) CO _ (2), but the lowest is in the bottom layer. The whole concentration range is 10910 渭 g / L ~ (2)) the three greenhouse gases in the aquaculture water are all saturated to supersaturation, and there is no significant difference between the dissolved saturation of N _ 2O and CO2 in different depth. In summer, the saturation of N _ 2O solution is not significant. Slightly higher than the other three seasons, In summer and autumn, the saturation of CH4 dissolved in the bottom layer was significantly higher than that in the surface layer and the middle layer. Moreover, the CH4 saturation of aquaculture water is the closest to the range of lake variation. (3) on the whole, The exchange fluxes of N _ 2O _ 2 Ch _ 4 and CO2 at the air-water interface range from 0: 0.033 to 0.462 渭 g m-2 h-1 0.014 渭 g m-2 h-1 and -15.372 渭 g m-2 h-1 and -15.372 渭 g m-2 h-1, respectively, and the peak of N2O emission occurs in summer, and N2O-CH4 and CO2 exchange fluxes in the air-water interface range from 6.231 渭 g m-2 h-1 to -15.372U 2395.543 渭 g m-2 h-1, respectively. The peak emission of CH4 and CO2 is in summer and autumn. Compared with plain rivers, wild wetlands, source streams, shallow ponds and reservoirs, the uptake of N2O and CO2 in aquaculture water is relatively small. The uptake of CH4 in culture water was small, but larger than that in eutrophic lake. 4) the dissolved N 2O in culture water was produced by the coupling of nitrification and denitrification. Nitrification contributes the most to the formation of N2O. Nitrification is the main environmental factor to control the production and release of N2O, and when the concentration of SO42- in water is too high, it will inhibit the production of CH4. Under the condition of hypoxia, the increase of soluble inorganic carbon in the water will promote the discharge of CH4, which is the main environmental factor to control the amount of dissolved CO2 in the water. When do (dissolved oxygen) is sufficient in water, some of CH4 is oxidized to CO2 and released into the atmosphere as it diffuses from sediment to water.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X714

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