本文選題：污水資源化　切入點(diǎn)：再生水回用　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：污水資源化利用能明顯的改善城市生態(tài)環(huán)境,保護(hù)地表、地下水資源,減少流域取水量,有利于維持流域的生態(tài)平衡,凈化空氣、增加空氣濕度、減緩城市熱島效應(yīng),同時(shí)減少污染物的排放、提高水資源利用率,社會(huì)效益和生態(tài)環(huán)境效益顯著。在沒有政府、環(huán)保部門等相關(guān)部門的干預(yù)下,對(duì)于再生水生產(chǎn)者(污水處理廠)而言,再生水經(jīng)濟(jì)效益低下,財(cái)務(wù)上出現(xiàn)虧損,再生水回用項(xiàng)目將無法推行,政府應(yīng)當(dāng)給予合理的財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼。由于再生水回用項(xiàng)目具有公益性,外部效果凸顯,應(yīng)當(dāng)從國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)角度對(duì)再生水回用項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行分析研究,將社會(huì)效益和生態(tài)環(huán)境效益等外部效果納入到綜合效益中,判定項(xiàng)目的合理性與可行性。首先,文章以循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論和可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論作為政府推行污水資源化項(xiàng)目的理論支撐,得出實(shí)施污水資源化利用對(duì)西安市經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、生態(tài)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要的戰(zhàn)略意義;以西安市為例,分析了西安市污水資源化利用的整體情況,從經(jīng)濟(jì)、生產(chǎn)條件、生態(tài)三個(gè)方面分析了西安市污水資源化利用的典型性,并論證了西安市污水資源化補(bǔ)貼的必要性與合理性。其次,文章對(duì)污水資源化利用外部效果的量化方法,采用了條件價(jià)值法、恢復(fù)費(fèi)用法、人力資本法、費(fèi)用支出法等多種方法結(jié)合,形成三種測(cè)算模式,分別得出不同的測(cè)算值。經(jīng)過方法的優(yōu)劣分析并最終以基于條件價(jià)值法測(cè)算模型理論性較強(qiáng)的測(cè)算方法作為主要方法,并對(duì)西安市集中式污水資源化利用和分散式污水資源化利用分別采取了典型的案例進(jìn)行再生水利用外部效果測(cè)算實(shí)證分析,將測(cè)算出的外部效果納入項(xiàng)目的費(fèi)用效益分析,得出項(xiàng)目是可行的結(jié)論,并研究出合理的補(bǔ)貼力度。最后,對(duì)再生水利用外部效果內(nèi)部化提出對(duì)策建議,要給予適度的補(bǔ)貼力度、優(yōu)惠政策;建立合理的水價(jià)格體系;加強(qiáng)宣傳教育、道德約束等,切實(shí)做到再生水生產(chǎn)者與用戶互惠互利,長(zhǎng)效健康發(fā)展。本研究得到國(guó)家社會(huì)科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(12BGL083)的資助
[Abstract]:The utilization of sewage resources can obviously improve the urban ecological environment, protect the surface and groundwater resources, reduce the amount of water taken from the watershed, help to maintain the ecological balance of the watershed, purify the air, increase the humidity of the air, and slow down the effect of urban heat island. At the same time, reducing the discharge of pollutants, improving the utilization rate of water resources, social benefits and ecological environmental benefits are significant. Without the intervention of relevant departments, such as government, environmental protection departments, for the producers of recycled water (wastewater treatment plants), The economic benefit of reclaimed water is low, and there is a financial loss. The reclaimed water reuse project will not be carried out. The government should give a reasonable financial subsidy. Because the reclaimed water reuse project has public welfare, the external effect is prominent. The reclaimed water reuse project should be analyzed and studied from the point of view of national economy, and the external effects such as social benefit and ecological environmental benefit should be brought into the comprehensive benefit, and the rationality and feasibility of the project should be judged. This paper takes the theory of circular economy and sustainable development as the theoretical support for the government to carry out the project of sewage resource utilization, and draws the conclusion that the implementation of the utilization of sewage resource has important strategic significance for the sustainable development of economy, society and ecology in Xi'an. Taking Xi'an as an example, the paper analyzes the overall situation of sewage reuse in Xi'an, and analyzes the typical utilization of sewage in Xi'an from three aspects: economy, production conditions and ecology. The necessity and rationality of sewage resource subsidy in Xi'an are demonstrated. Secondly, the paper uses the conditional value method, the recovery fee method and the human capital method to quantify the external effect of sewage resource utilization. The cost expenditure method and other methods are combined to form three kinds of measuring models, respectively. After analyzing the merits and demerits of the methods and finally taking the theoretical calculation method based on conditional value method as the main method, And taking typical cases to estimate the external effect of reclaimed water utilization in Xi'an city, the external effect of the project is analyzed by the cost and benefit analysis of the project. The conclusion is that the project is feasible, and the reasonable subsidy intensity is studied. Finally, the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to internalize the external effect of reclaimed water utilization, which should be given appropriate subsidy intensity and preferential policy, and a reasonable water price system should be established. Strengthen propaganda and education, moral restraint and so on, make the producers and users of recycled water mutually benefit and develop healthily for a long time. This research is supported by the national social science fund project 12BGL083)
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703

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