本文選題：填料改性　切入點(diǎn)：脫氮除磷　出處：《蘇州科技學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：分散性農(nóng)村生活污水以其分散性及在農(nóng)村污水排放總量中的大比例,成為太湖流域農(nóng)村生活污水治理工作的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。厭氧折流板反應(yīng)器(ABR)+折流濕地(BFCW)組合工藝具有有機(jī)物去除效果好、抗沖擊負(fù)荷能力強(qiáng)、運(yùn)行低耗穩(wěn)定、維護(hù)簡(jiǎn)便、可美化環(huán)境等特點(diǎn),適宜處理太湖流域分散性農(nóng)村生活污水,但其冬季脫氮除磷效果不夠理想,限制了其在太湖沿岸的推廣應(yīng)用。為此,本研究通過改善濕地填料對(duì)農(nóng)村生活污水中磷素和氮素的吸附截留能力,提升濕地氮磷去除效果及穩(wěn)定性,同時(shí)強(qiáng)化ABR的預(yù)處理,優(yōu)化組合工藝的處理效能,以適應(yīng)更為嚴(yán)格的排放要求。本研究主要內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下:(1)高效除磷填料的篩選及改性:綜合填料對(duì)農(nóng)村生活污水磷素和氮素的吸附性能及填料成本,從10種具有較高磷素飽和吸附量的填料中,篩選出鋼渣、沸石和石灰石3種適宜處理分散性生活污水的人工濕地填料,并分別用酸(堿)和鹽對(duì)3種優(yōu)選填料進(jìn)行改性,以增強(qiáng)其吸磷能力。結(jié)果表明,鋼渣、沸石和石灰石分別經(jīng)2 mol/L Al Cl3、3 mol/L Na OH及2 mol/L Al Cl3和0.5 mol/L Al Cl3溶液改性后,氮磷吸附性能最佳。填料經(jīng)鋁改性后,氮磷吸附效果普遍優(yōu)于其他改性條件,且Al-P有利于植物直接吸收利用,含鋁廢水來源廣泛,故推薦使用鋁改液作為人工濕地填料改性試劑。(2)ABR反應(yīng)器預(yù)處理效能優(yōu)化研究:改進(jìn)構(gòu)型后,ABR截留SS的能力得到增強(qiáng)。ABR處理效能及氨化效果與其水力條件關(guān)系顯著,一定范圍內(nèi),呈現(xiàn)出HRT越短、有機(jī)容積負(fù)荷(OLR)越高,水力條件越好,效能越好。改進(jìn)型ABR水力停留時(shí)間(HRT)為12h時(shí),處理效能和氨化效果最佳。(3)不同運(yùn)行條件下BFCW水力效率研究:研究表明,相同水力表面負(fù)荷(HLR)下,填料表面越光滑規(guī)則,粒徑越大,BFCW有效體積比和水力效率越低,這種趨勢(shì)隨著HLR的提升而增強(qiáng)。植物根系導(dǎo)致濕地水力效率降低,濕地填料氮磷吸附能力越強(qiáng),水力效率下降幅度越低。改性鋼渣濕地以其堿性環(huán)境,水力條件較為穩(wěn)定。(4)BFCW處理效能研究:相同HLR下,填料類型對(duì)BFCW有機(jī)物去除效果無顯著影響,濕地對(duì)碳氮的去除率基本呈現(xiàn)出隨污染物表面負(fù)荷的增大,先增加后減小的趨勢(shì),除磷呈現(xiàn)出隨TP表面負(fù)荷的增大而增加的趨勢(shì)。濕地脫氮除磷效能和抗沖擊負(fù)荷能力,與填料吸附沉淀性能正相關(guān),脫氮方面:改性沸石沸石陶粒改性鋼渣;除磷方面:改性鋼渣改性沸石陶粒沸石。植物的種植增強(qiáng)了濕地的處理效能和抗沖擊負(fù)荷能力,植物濕地夏秋兩季碳氮去除效果相近,秋季除磷效果優(yōu)于夏季,冬季改性沸石濕地脫氮除磷效果未見明顯下降,但出水濃度波動(dòng)加大。當(dāng)HLR≤305 L·m-2·d-1時(shí),改性沸石濕地出水TN濃度能穩(wěn)定低于5.0mg/L。改性鋼渣濕地脫氮效果與水溫有關(guān),水溫越高脫氮效果越好,脫氮效果不穩(wěn)定,改性鋼渣未實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)效果。沸石在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中除磷效果較差,經(jīng)改性后,展現(xiàn)出良好的脫氮除磷效能及穩(wěn)定性,為保證改性沸石濕地出水水質(zhì)長(zhǎng)年穩(wěn)定達(dá)標(biāo),在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,推薦將改性沸石濕地的HLR設(shè)定在152L·m-2·d-1以下。(5)改性沸石濕地脫氮除磷途徑初步研究及對(duì)照:研究結(jié)果表明,濕地填料對(duì)濕地脫氮除磷的影響大于植物種植的影響,植物的泌氧作用對(duì)濕地脫氮的貢獻(xiàn)大于直接吸收的貢獻(xiàn)。中試運(yùn)行期間,改性沸石濕地氮磷去除量較沸石濕地分別增長(zhǎng)1.8%和1倍多。填料氮素截留能力:改性沸石沸石大陶粒小陶粒;磷素截留能力:改性沸石小陶粒沸石大陶粒。流體粒子易于下向流前端形成優(yōu)先流,故建議在BFCW實(shí)際應(yīng)用中適當(dāng)縮短下向流隔室流向方向的長(zhǎng)度,以0.2~0.3m為宜。改性沸石濕地主要通過填料的吸附截留作用脫氮除磷,以Ca-P為主要沉淀磷素形式,植物的泌氧和吸收作用有助于穩(wěn)定出水水質(zhì)。濕地前端和后端分別以填料的吸附截留作用和微生物的硝化反硝化作用為主要脫氮途徑。中試試驗(yàn)填料氮磷吸附量遠(yuǎn)高于靜態(tài)試驗(yàn),改性過程對(duì)沸石磷素吸附沉淀性能的大幅提升是在多重途徑的協(xié)同作用下實(shí)現(xiàn)的,濕地構(gòu)型和植物根系的影響是造成相同區(qū)域填料氮磷截留量差異的主要原因。填料種類對(duì)植物吸收的影響主要體現(xiàn)在植物的生物增量上,填料氮磷吸附性能越差,植物吸收作用對(duì)濕地脫氮除磷貢獻(xiàn)越大。硝化作用強(qiáng)度的高低是改性沸石濕地脫氮效果及穩(wěn)定性季節(jié)性波動(dòng)的主因,濕地前端硝化作用強(qiáng)度極低與改性沸石對(duì)NH4+-N極強(qiáng)的吸附性能有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:A large proportion of decentralized rural sewage dispersion and in rural sewage discharge in the focus and difficulty of rural sewage treatment in Taihu basin. The anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) + baffled wetland (BFCW) combined process has good removal effect of organic matter, strong anti impact capability and the operation of low energy consumption, convenient maintenance, can beautify the environment, suitable for the treatment of Taihu River Basin of decentralized rural domestic sewage, but the removal effect of nitrogen and phosphorus in winter is not ideal, limits its application in the Taihu coast. Therefore, this study by improving the wetland for phosphorus and nitrogen in rural sewage interception capacity of adsorption and enhance the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect and stability of wetland, while strengthening ABR pretreatment, treatment efficiency optimization process, to meet the more stringent emission requirements. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) Screening of high phosphorus filler and filler on modified: comprehensive rural sewage phosphorus and nitrogen adsorption and packing cost, from 10 kinds of high phosphorus saturated adsorption amount of filler, screened slag, zeolite and limestone 3 suitable for the treatment of dispersed domestic wastewater the artificial wetland and filler, respectively acid (alkali) modification of 3 preferred filler and salt, in order to enhance its ability of absorbing phosphorus. The results show that the steel slag, zeolite and limestone respectively by 2 mol/L Al Cl3,3 mol/L Na OH and mol/L Al 2 Cl3 and 0.5 mol/L Al Cl3 solution after modification, adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus can best filler by aluminum. After modification, the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus is better than the other modified conditions, and Al-P is conducive to the direct absorption and utilization, wastewater containing aluminum sources, so it is recommended to use modified aluminum liquid as artificial wetland filler modification reagent. (2) ABR reactor for pretreatment of performance advantages: improved structure After the ABR SS interception ability is enhanced.ABR treatment efficiency and ammoniation effect and hydraulic conditions significantly. Within a certain range, showing a HRT shorter, organic volume load (OLR) is high, the hydraulic condition is better, the better performance. The improved ABR hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12h, and the treatment efficiency ammonization best. (3) study on the hydraulic efficiency of BFCW under different operating conditions: the study shows that the same hydraulic surface loading (HLR), the surface more smooth, larger particle size, BFCW effective volume ratio and the hydraulic efficiency is lower, this trend increased with the increase of HLR. The roots of plants leads to reduced hydraulic efficiency wetland, nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption ability of wetland fillers is stronger, the hydraulic efficiency decreased. The modified steel slag in the alkaline environment of wetland, the hydraulic condition is relatively stable. (4) study on the effectiveness of BFCW treatment: the same HLR, filler type on BFCW organic matter removal effect Significant effects of wetland on carbon and nitrogen removal rate basically showed increases with the surface load of pollutants, first increased and then decreased, phosphorus removal showed increases of TP surface load trend. Wetland nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency and the ability to resist impact load and adsorbted performance is positively related to nitrogen removal. Modified zeolite ceramsite modified steel slag; phosphorus modified steel slag modified zeolite ceramsite zeolite. Plants enhance the treatment efficiency of wetland and wetland plant resistance to impact load, the summer two Ji Tandan removal effect is similar to that of phosphorus removal effect is better than that of summer autumn winter, modified zeolite wetland removal effect of nitrogen and phosphorus were decreased significantly. But the effluent concentration fluctuations increase. When HLR is less than or equal to 305 L - m-2 - D-1, the modified zeolite wetland effluent TN concentration lower than 5.0mg/L. can stabilize the modified steel slag wetland nitrogen removal effect is related to water temperature, water temperature is high nitrogen The better nitrogen removal effect is not stable, the modified steel slag does not achieve the goal and effect. The poor zeolite results in practical application, after modification, show the efficiency and stability of nitrogen and phosphorus removal is good, in order to ensure the modified zeolite wetland effluent quality standard for many years, in the practical application, recommended the modified zeolite wetland HLR set in 152L m-2 D-1. (5) wetland preliminary study on nitrogen and phosphorus removal and control of modified zeolite: the results show that the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus in wetland wetland than plants, plants for direct absorption of oxygen exudation on wetland nitrogen removal contribution is greater than the contribution. During the test run, the modified zeolite wetland nitrogen and phosphorus removal amount of zeolite increased 1.8% and 1 times more wetlands respectively. Nitrogen filler retention capacity: Zeolite modified zeolite ceramsite with little ceramsite; phosphorus retention capacity of modified zeolite ceramsite: small zeolite ceramsite. The fluid particles tend to down flow front formation of preferential flow, it is suggested that appropriate shortened in the practical application of BFCW to the current flow direction of the compartment length should be 0.2~0.3m. The modified zeolite wetland mainly through the adsorption and retention of nitrogen and phosphorus removal, with Ca-P as the main form of phosphorus precipitation, urinary oxygen plant and the absorption contributes to stable water quality. Wetland front and back respectively to the adsorption and interception of nitrification and denitrification and microbial denitrification pathways. As the main test filler of nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption capacity is far higher than the static test, the modified zeolite on phosphorus adsorption sedimentation performance significantly improved is realized synergistic effect of multiple pathways under the influence of wetland configuration and plant roots are mainly caused by the same area filling nitrogen and phosphorus interception differences. Influence of filler type on plant uptake is mainly reflected in the growth of plants Object increment, nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption properties of filler is worse, plants absorb greater effect on wetland with nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The nitrification rate is the main reason of modified zeolite wetland nitrogen removal effect and stability of seasonal fluctuations, the adsorption properties of wetland nitrification intensity is very low and the front end of the modified zeolite to NH4+-N strong.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州科技學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X799.3

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