本文選題：城市生活垃圾　切入點(diǎn)：熱解　出處：《重慶大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：城市生活垃圾熱解技術(shù)不僅可以使垃圾減容、減量,而且可以實(shí)現(xiàn)垃圾的資源化利用,因而近年來日益受到關(guān)注。但直到目前,生活垃圾熱解處理技術(shù)仍存在許多問題,如熱解機(jī)理有待完善,熱解產(chǎn)物的性質(zhì)及其利用有待深入探索。論文針對(duì)以上問題,以城市生活垃圾為研究對(duì)象,研究熱解產(chǎn)物的性質(zhì)以及元素分布隨熱解溫度的變化規(guī)律,為深入了解城市生活垃圾的熱解機(jī)理、熱解產(chǎn)物的資源化利用提供參考。經(jīng)試驗(yàn)研究,得出以下結(jié)論:①炭產(chǎn)率隨著熱解溫度的升高(500℃~800℃)而逐漸降低,從31.38%降至25.58%;在600℃時(shí)焦油產(chǎn)率達(dá)到最大值28.02%,之后隨著溫度的升高而逐漸降至最小值21.76%;熱解氣的質(zhì)量產(chǎn)率和體積產(chǎn)率均隨著溫度的升高而增加,質(zhì)量產(chǎn)率從41.7%升至52.66%,體積產(chǎn)率從143.50L/kg升至438L/kg。②與原料相比,炭和焦油中的C元素相對(duì)富集,碳化程度明顯提高,且焦油中C元素的富集程度高于炭;炭和焦油的O/C比和H/C比均明顯低于原料,且隨著溫度的升高而逐漸減小;炭與焦油相比,炭的芳香化程度和極性均高于焦油。③原料中主要含有脂肪族醚、酮、甲基、亞甲基等官能團(tuán),且炭結(jié)構(gòu)呈無序排列;與原料相比,熱解炭中脂肪族官能團(tuán)大量減少,并主要以芳環(huán)=C-H、芳香族/脂肪族甲基和亞甲基官能團(tuán)為主;隨著溫度的升高,芳香族官能團(tuán)數(shù)量逐漸增加,且炭結(jié)構(gòu)逐漸呈有序排列;在原料和炭中均存在鹽吸收峰。④炭表面存在C、O、N、Cl、Ca、Si、Na和K元素,其中以C元素為主;在炭表面:sp2雜化C(以芳環(huán)C-H鍵為主)是C的主要存在形式;COO-鍵是O的主要存在形式;Si以Si-N-C、Si O2等形式存在;Cl以無機(jī)氯(Na Cl和KCl等)形式存在;Na以Na Cl和Na OH形式存在。C500(500℃炭)表面N以NSi、胺基N等形式存在;在C500、C600和C700表面,Ca均以Ca CO3形式存在,在800℃時(shí),以Ca CO3、Ca O、Ca SO4和Ca Cl2的形式存在;⑤炭表面O和N的活性高于炭?jī)?nèi)部O和N的活性;Cl在四種炭表面富集;炭表面未檢測(cè)到S元素。⑥焦油的含水率為18.43%~26.11%,含固率為0.75%~1.29%,低位熱值大小位于24.12 MJ/kg~28.36 MJ/kg之間;已檢測(cè)出的焦油成分包括烷烴、烯烴、酚、醇、醛、酮、酯、單環(huán)芳烴、PAHs等;在T500(500℃焦油)中,主要以單環(huán)芳烴和PAHs為主;隨著溫度的升高,PAHs成為焦油的主要成分,且含量從8.84%升至83.45%;當(dāng)熱解溫度≤600℃時(shí),PAHs的產(chǎn)生主要通過Diels-Alder反應(yīng),當(dāng)熱解溫度600℃時(shí),PAHs的主要產(chǎn)生途徑還包括苯酚及其衍生物的自由基反應(yīng);萘及其衍生物是PAHs的主要成分。⑦已檢測(cè)出的熱解氣成分包括烷烴、烯烴、炔烴、CO2、含S氣體(以H2S為主)、含Cl氣體(以CH3Cl為主)等;當(dāng)熱解溫度從500℃升至800℃時(shí),氣體體積增加,其中烷烴、烯烴、炔烴、CO2、含S氣體和含Cl氣體的體積分別增加1.86倍、3.64倍、19.23倍、2.17倍、3.28倍和1.65倍;當(dāng)溫度≤600℃時(shí),脫氫反應(yīng)劇烈,當(dāng)溫度600℃時(shí),脫氫反應(yīng)緩慢提高;烯烴是氣體的主要成分,且隨著溫度的升高,其比例逐漸增加。⑧當(dāng)溫度≤600℃時(shí),原料-C發(fā)生一次熱解反應(yīng),生成炭-C、焦油-C和氣體-C;焦油-C產(chǎn)率在600℃時(shí)達(dá)到最大值32.81%;當(dāng)溫度600℃時(shí),發(fā)生二次熱解反應(yīng),焦油-C產(chǎn)率在700℃時(shí)降至最小值29.39%,部分焦油-C轉(zhuǎn)化為氣體-C;炭-C產(chǎn)率隨溫度的升高從36.39%降至29.40%;氣體-C產(chǎn)率隨溫度的升高而從31.95%升至40.28%。⑨50%以上的H和O分布在氣體中,且隨著熱解溫度的升高而升高,而炭-H(O)、焦油-H(O)產(chǎn)率則逐漸降低;炭-N產(chǎn)率隨溫度的升高從57.73%降至30.46%,焦油-N產(chǎn)率在600℃時(shí)達(dá)最大值39.41%,之后逐漸減少并穩(wěn)定在32%附近,氣體-N產(chǎn)率在600℃時(shí)取得最小值9.04%,之后逐漸增大至37.43%;80%以上的S分布在氣體中,炭-S產(chǎn)率為6.68%~4.95%,且在800℃時(shí),炭-S主要以鹽形式存在;焦油-S產(chǎn)率在600℃取得最大值10.41%,之后逐漸分解為氣體-S;60%以上的Cl分布于氣體中,焦油-Cl產(chǎn)率極低,為0.09%~2.80%,炭-Cl產(chǎn)率隨溫度的升高從38.40%降至29.96%。
[Abstract]:City life garbage pyrolysis technology can not only make the waste volume reduction, reduction, resource utilization and waste can be achieved, which has attracted increasing attention in recent years. But until now, domestic garbage pyrolysis processing technology there are still many problems, such as the pyrolysis mechanism needs to be improved, the thermal properties and the hydrolysis products need to be further explored. According to the above the city life garbage problem, as the research object, study the properties of pyrolysis products and the element distribution changes with pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis mechanism for the deep understanding of city living garbage, provide reference for using pyrolysis material resources. Through experimental research, draw the following conclusion: carbon yield with increasing pyrolysis temperature (500 DEG C ~800 C) decreased from 31.38% to 25.58%; reach the tar yield at 600 DEG C after the maximum value of 28.02%, as the temperature rises gradually to a minimum value of 21.76 %; quality yield and volume yield of pyrolysis gas increases as the temperature increases, the quality of yield from 41.7% to 52.66%, the volume yield from 143.50L/kg to 438L/kg. 2 compared with the raw materials of C elements in the relative enrichment of carbon and tar, carbonization degree is greatly improved, and the degree of enrichment of C elements is higher than that of tar and carbon carbon; tar O/C ratio and H/C ratio were significantly lower than that of raw materials, with the increase of temperature decreases gradually; carbon and tar than aromatic degree of carbon and polarity were higher than that of the tar. The main raw material containing an aliphatic ether, ketone, methyl and methylene groups, and carbon structure is disordered and raw materials; compared with pyrolytic carbon in aliphatic groups greatly reduced, and mainly in the aromatic ring of =C-H, the main aromatic / aliphatic methyl and methylene groups; with the increase of temperature, the number of aromatic groups increased, and the carbon structure gradually and orderly 鎺掑垪;鍦ㄥ師鏂欏拰鐐腑鍧囧瓨鍦ㄧ洂鍚告敹宄，

本文編號(hào)：1613853