本文選題：柳枝稷　切入點(diǎn)：鎘　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)工業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展,重金屬污染土壤的環(huán)境問(wèn)題也日益嚴(yán)峻,對(duì)環(huán)境、人類健康和食品安全造成了巨大的安全隱患。而傳統(tǒng)重金屬污染土壤的治理方法耗時(shí)耗資,有很多局限性,因此,研究開發(fā)高效、環(huán)保、經(jīng)濟(jì)的新型重金屬污染土壤治理方法勢(shì)在必行。植物修復(fù)技術(shù)具有環(huán)保、低成本等特點(diǎn),一經(jīng)提出就受到人們廣泛關(guān)注,而且被認(rèn)為是一種最具潛力的重金屬污染土壤修復(fù)技術(shù),因此選擇適當(dāng)?shù)某e累植物或者對(duì)重金屬有較強(qiáng)耐受性植物是十分必要的,同時(shí)了解不同植物所適宜的土壤環(huán)境條件也是該修復(fù)技術(shù)能否成功的關(guān)鍵。本研究通過(guò)(1)單因素鎘脅迫下種子萌發(fā)實(shí)驗(yàn)、(2)三因素(鎘、pH和浸種時(shí)間)五水平正交旋轉(zhuǎn)設(shè)計(jì)種子萌發(fā)實(shí)驗(yàn)和(3)二因素(鎘和pH)五水平正交旋轉(zhuǎn)設(shè)計(jì)共3個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),探究因素重金屬鎘和pH單獨(dú)及交互作用對(duì)柳枝稷種子萌發(fā)、幼苗發(fā)育以及植株地上部分對(duì)鎘的富集能力等方面的影響。同時(shí),比較不同品種柳枝稷對(duì)鎘耐受性的差異并對(duì)柳枝稷地上部分鎘富集能力進(jìn)行模型分析,通過(guò)模型分析,在水培模擬柳枝稷在鎘污染土壤條件下,對(duì)柳枝稷種子萌發(fā)和幼苗生長(zhǎng)等表現(xiàn)進(jìn)行了綜合分析和系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)。研究結(jié)果表明:1.柳枝稷種子對(duì)鎘較不敏感,具有較好的鎘耐受性,同時(shí)pH和浸種并不影響兩個(gè)柳枝稷種子發(fā)芽率,但是浸種可以提高兩個(gè)柳枝稷品種的發(fā)芽指數(shù)。兩種柳枝稷品種均對(duì)低濃度的鎘有一定耐受性,且K品種幼苗與B品種相比表現(xiàn)出較弱的鎘抗性。播種前適當(dāng)浸種可以提高柳枝稷種子和幼苗的活力,從而增強(qiáng)其對(duì)重金屬鎘的耐受性。中性和較強(qiáng)酸性條件下均不適宜柳枝稷生長(zhǎng),而適度弱酸性條件有利于柳枝稷幼苗的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育。幼苗前期生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育對(duì)其后期的在鎘脅迫環(huán)境下生長(zhǎng)及成株對(duì)鎘的吸收富集有重要影響,因此在鎘脅迫條件下,柳枝稷種子較適宜播種在偏酸性條件下來(lái)進(jìn)行植物修復(fù)作用。2.柳枝稷是一種很有潛力的對(duì)重金屬鎘污染土壤修復(fù)植物,同時(shí)柳枝稷也是看作是對(duì)鎘耐性機(jī)理研究和毒物刺激效應(yīng)原理研究的新型模式植物。保證柳枝稷正常生長(zhǎng)的前提下又能最大化的利用其對(duì)鎘富集作用的外界環(huán)境鎘和pH值范圍分別為:50-175μmol/L和4.1-5.9,并且在利用植物修復(fù)技術(shù)治理重金屬污染土壤時(shí)也應(yīng)該將重金屬對(duì)植物的刺激促進(jìn)作用加以考慮。3.不同品種柳枝稷對(duì)鎘的耐受性以及對(duì)鎘的富集能力有較大差異,同時(shí)環(huán)境的pH值也顯著影響植物對(duì)鎘的吸收能力,因此想要利用植物修復(fù)技術(shù)治理重金屬污染土壤需要綜合考慮環(huán)境條件,選擇恰當(dāng)合適的修復(fù)植物。然而關(guān)于柳枝稷對(duì)鎘耐受性的生理學(xué)和分子生物學(xué)機(jī)理仍有待于將來(lái)進(jìn)一步深入研究。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of industry in China, the environmental problems of heavy metal contaminated soil are becoming more and more serious, which has caused a huge safety hazard to the environment, human health and food safety. However, the traditional treatment methods of heavy metal contaminated soil are time-consuming and expensive. There are many limitations, therefore, it is imperative to research and develop a new treatment method of heavy metal contaminated soil with high efficiency, environmental protection and economy. Plant remediation technology has the characteristics of environmental protection, low cost and so on. And is considered to be one of the most promising remediation techniques for heavy metal contaminated soils, so it is necessary to select suitable superaccumulative plants or plants with strong tolerance to heavy metals. At the same time, understanding the suitable soil environmental conditions of different plants is also the key to the success of the remediation technique. The experiment of seed germination under single factor cadmium stress was carried out in this study. Five levels orthogonal of three factors (cadmium pH and seed soaking time). Two factors (cadmium and pH) were designed for seed germination and three experiments were carried out. To explore the effects of cadmium and pH on seed germination, seedling development and the accumulation ability of cadmium in the aboveground part of the plant. The differences of cadmium tolerance of different varieties of switchgrass were compared, and the accumulation ability of cadmium in aboveground part of switchgrass was analyzed by model analysis. The seed germination and seedling growth of switchgrass were comprehensively analyzed and systematically evaluated. The results showed that the seed of switchgrass was less sensitive to cadmium and had better tolerance to cadmium. At the same time, pH and seed soaking did not affect the germination rate of two varieties of switchgrass, but soaking could increase the germination index of two varieties of switchgrass. Both varieties of switchgrass had some tolerance to low concentration of cadmium. K variety seedlings showed weaker cadmium resistance than B varieties and soaking seeds before sowing could improve the vigor of switchgrass seeds and seedlings. In order to enhance its tolerance to heavy metal cadmium, both neutral and strong acidic conditions are not suitable for the growth of switchgrass, The condition of moderate weak acidity is beneficial to the growth and development of switchgrass seedlings. The early growth and development of the seedlings have an important effect on the growth of the seedlings in the later stage of cadmium stress and the absorption and enrichment of cadmium by adult plants, therefore, under the condition of cadmium stress, The seeds of switchgrass are suitable for plant remediation under the condition of partial acid. 2. Switchgrass is a potential remediation plant for heavy metal cadmium contaminated soil. At the same time, switchgrass is also regarded as a new model plant to study the mechanism of cadmium tolerance and the principle of toxic stimulation effect. It can maximize the use of cadmium enrichment in the external environment while ensuring the normal growth of switchgrass. The range of cadmium and pH values are respectively in the range of: 50-175 渭 mol/L and 4.1-5.9 渭 mol/L, respectively. The stimulative effects of heavy metals on plants should also be taken into account when using phytoremediation techniques to treat soils contaminated by heavy metals. The tolerance of different varieties of switchgrass to cadmium and. There is great difference in the enrichment ability of cadmium. At the same time, the pH value of the environment also has a significant effect on the absorption capacity of cadmium by plants. Therefore, if we want to use phytoremediation technology to treat heavy metal contaminated soil, we should consider the environmental conditions comprehensively. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms of cadmium tolerance of switchgrass still need to be further studied in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S578;X53;X173

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