本文選題：廢水　切入點(diǎn)：自由基聚合　出處：《東華大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：21世紀(jì)以來,我國特種丙烯酸酯(Special acrylates)的研發(fā)與工業(yè)化進(jìn)程發(fā)展十分迅速,各類特種丙烯酸酯(Special acrylates)已在紫外光固化涂料、油墨、絮凝劑、造紙、光電新產(chǎn)品等多方面得到應(yīng)用,但丙烯酸酯市場的蓬勃發(fā)展也給環(huán)境帶來了許多挑戰(zhàn)。該種負(fù)面影響的出現(xiàn)是由于在特種丙烯酸酯(Special acrylates)生產(chǎn)過程中會產(chǎn)生大量的并且具有很高濃度有機(jī)廢液,該廢液一般含有丙烯酸(acrylic acid)、丙烯酸鈉、多元醇丙烯酸酯、多羥基丙烯酸酯以及部分芳香族化合和懸浮物,其化學(xué)需(COD)很高,屬于高濃度有機(jī)廢水。此外,這類廢液還通常具有(1)廢水總量大。以紫外光固化劑為例,目前,國內(nèi)的產(chǎn)量已經(jīng)達(dá)到大約15萬噸/年。(2)廢水可利用成分多。由于合成工藝的需要,特種丙烯酸酯(Special acrylates)廢水中含有更多的丙烯酸(acrylic acid)、丙烯酸鈉等活性物。(3)水質(zhì)波動較大。丙烯酸酯類的生產(chǎn)廢水依據(jù)生產(chǎn)工藝的不同分為酸性廢水(p H值約為2~3)和堿性廢水(pH值約為9~10),但以酸性廢水居多。目前,雖然國內(nèi)外對于該類廢水處理方法有直接焚燒法、催化濕式氧化法以及生物法等三種,但卻以直接燃燒法為主。由于廢水不能直接燃燒,需要添加重油助燃,因而運(yùn)行成本較高,此外如果處理不恰當(dāng)或氣溫較高時,廢液將會自動爆聚,產(chǎn)生大量固廢,進(jìn)一步加重企業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān),與此同時廢水中所含的許多寶貴資源也被燃燒掉,造成巨大浪費(fèi)。本課題以江蘇某化工廠提供的已經(jīng)經(jīng)過預(yù)處理的特種丙烯酸酯(specialacrylates)類廢水作為研究樣本(如無特別說明簡稱廢水),在充分了解廢水特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,主要研究如何通過適當(dāng)?shù)幕瘜W(xué)方法將特種丙烯酸酯(specialacrylates)廢水中的主要活性物丙烯酸(acrylicacid)、丙烯酸鈉制備成棉用活性染料防沾色劑,以求在解決特種丙烯酸酯(specialacrylates)廢水排放問題的同時將其中的寶貴資源利用起來,具體來說分為三個部分:第一部分是用適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒z測廢水預(yù)處理液的主要理化指標(biāo);第二部分是以丙烯酸(acrylicacid)、馬來酸酐(maleicanhydride)為原料,以自由基聚合為理論指導(dǎo),在廢水體系中合成丙烯酸馬來酸酐共聚物;第三部分是對制備的共聚物進(jìn)行防沾色性能測試并檢測聚合工藝的普遍性。第一部分分別采用離子色譜法、分光光度計(jì)法、火焰原子吸收光譜法對廢水中的丙烯酸(acrylicacid)含量、阻聚劑對羥基苯甲醚(mehq)含量、鈉、鈣、鎂、鐵離子含量進(jìn)行檢測。得到了廢水中丙烯酸(acrylicacid),阻聚劑對羥基苯甲醚,鐵離子、鈣離子、鎂離子、銅離子的檢測范圍。第二部分分別探討了單體比例、引發(fā)劑用量、反應(yīng)溫度以及反應(yīng)時間對共聚物分子量、螯合性、分散性、防沾色能力以及浮色洗除力的影響。確定的最佳聚合工藝。第三部分對制得的防沾色劑db進(jìn)行了大量防沾色性能測試,著重檢測了聚合工藝的可靠性。結(jié)果為經(jīng)防沾色劑DB處理過的織物的K/S值與空白試樣相比降低幅度可達(dá)50%,對活性大紅、活性翠蘭等沾色情況十分嚴(yán)重的染料也有良好的防沾色能力,穩(wěn)定性較好。此外,防沾色劑DB還具有較佳的浮色洗除力,能夠提升染色織物的摩擦色牢度。
[Abstract]:Since twenty-first Century, China's special acrylic (Special acrylates) R & D and industrialization development is very rapid, all kinds of special acrylic (Special acrylates) in UV curable coatings, ink, paper, should use flocculant, photoelectric new products and other aspects, but also to the vigorous development of acrylic market environment has brought many challenges. The negative effect is due to the special acrylic (Special acrylates) in the production process will produce a large and high concentration organic wastewater, the wastewater containing acrylic acid general (acrylic acid), sodium acrylate, acrylic polyol, hydroxyl acrylate and partially aromatic compounds and suspended solids, the chemical required (COD) is very high, belongs to the high concentration organic wastewater. In addition, this kind of waste is usually has (1) a large amount of wastewater by ultraviolet curing agent. For example, at present, the domestic production of The amount has reached about 150 thousand tons per year. (2) the waste water can be used. Due to the composition of the synthesis process, special acrylate (Special acrylates) in the wastewater containing more acid (acrylic acid), sodium acrylate and other active material. (3) water quality fluctuations. According to the production process of acrylic wastewater of different acidic wastewater (P H value is about 2~3 (pH) and alkaline waste water is about 9~10), but the acidic wastewater mostly. At present, although the domestic and foreign direct incineration method for treating this kind of wastewater, catalytic wet oxidation method and biological method of three, but with the direct combustion method mainly due to. The direct combustion of waste water can not, you need to add heavy oil combustion, so the running cost is high, moreover if not handled properly or the air temperature is high, the waste will be automatically implosion, resulting in a large number of solid waste, to further increase the burden on enterprises, at the same time the wastewater contained in the A lot of valuable resources to be burned, causing a huge waste. The project of a chemical plant in Jiangsu has provided after the pretreatment of special acrylate (specialacrylates) wastewater as the research sample (such as no special instructions, referred to as wastewater) based on the full understanding of wastewater characteristics, mainly study how the chemical methods appropriate to the special acrylate (specialacrylates) the main active substances in the wastewater of acrylic acid (acrylicacid), sodium acrylate was prepared with reactive dyes cotton anti staining agent, in order to solve the special acrylate (specialacrylates) wastewater discharge problems at the same time will use up valuable resources of them, specifically divided into three parts: the first part is the main physical and chemical index of wastewater pretreatment liquid detection with the appropriate method; the second part is based on acrylic acid (acrylicacid), maleic anhydride (maleicanhydride) as raw materials, with the self By radical polymerization theory in wastewater system synthesis of acrylic acid maleic anhydride copolymer; the third part is the general anti staining performance test and detection of polymerization of copolymers were prepared. The first part respectively by ion chromatography, spectrophotometry, acrylic acid by flame atomic absorption spectrometry in the wastewater (acrylicacid) content, polymerization agent of hydroxy phenyl ether (MEHQ) content, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron ion content were detected. The wastewater of acrylic acid (acrylicacid), inhibitor of hydroxyl benzene ether, iron ion, calcium ion, magnesium ion, copper ion detection range. The second part discusses the monomer ratio, initiator dosage, reaction temperature and reaction time on the molecular weight of the copolymer, chelation, dispersion, anti staining ability and floating color wash effect in force. The optimum polymerization process is determined. The third part of the anti dip color prepared Agent DB made a lot of anti staining performance test, reliability were emphatically polymerization. The results of the anti staining agent DB treated fabric K/S value compared with the blank sample decreased up to 50%, the activity of the red, blue staining activity is very serious in the dye also has anti staining ability good, good stability. In addition, the anti staining agent DB has better floating color wash in addition, can improve the dyeing fabric color fastness to rubbing.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X783

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本文編號：1556339