本文關(guān)鍵詞： 地下水 氟化物 土壤可溶性氟 水文地球化學(xué) 托克托縣　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：地下水氟化物超標(biāo)已經(jīng)成為影響我國北方干旱半干旱地區(qū)飲用水安全的重要因素。其中,內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)托克托縣地下水中含有的過量氟化物,已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重影響著當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦娘嬘盟踩蜕鐣?huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。本文結(jié)合水文地質(zhì)學(xué)、地下水動(dòng)力學(xué)及水文地球化學(xué)等理論,分析了研究區(qū)潛水和土壤中氟化物的分布特征及其賦存規(guī)律,并進(jìn)一步探討二者的相互作用和影響機(jī)理,主要得出以下結(jié)論：1.研究區(qū)潛水水化學(xué)類型主要為NaCl型,而混合CaHCO3型、混合CaMgCl型、CaCl型及NaHCO3型水均較少。研究區(qū)的這種水水化學(xué)分布主要是由于潛水位埋深較淺,地下水蒸發(fā)濃縮強(qiáng)烈,導(dǎo)致低溶解度Ca2+、Mg2+容易析出,而Na+和Cl-由于溶解度較高,因而成為了研究區(qū)潛水中的主要水化學(xué)成分。2.研究區(qū)地下水中氟含量與地下水其它化學(xué)組分的相關(guān)分析研究表明：對(duì)于潛水含水層,陽離子Ca2+與F-相關(guān)程度最高,呈顯著性負(fù)相關(guān),表明Ca2+濃度對(duì)潛水含水層中氟化物含量影響較大。3.研究區(qū)潛水氟的最小濃度為0.15 mg/L,最大濃度為7.00 mg/L,平均值為2.10mg/L。從總體上看,本區(qū)湖積臺(tái)地地下水潛水氟含量比沖湖積平原高。在整個(gè)研究區(qū)域內(nèi)大部分潛水中氟含量超出我國《地下水質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》GB/T14848-1993中Ⅲ水水質(zhì)所規(guī)定的1.0mg/L上限,表明潛水水質(zhì)在一定程度上已產(chǎn)生氟污染,已經(jīng)不宜作為生活飲用水水源。4.研究區(qū)地下水中氟與土壤水溶性氟的空間濃度分布特征具有較高的相似性,都表現(xiàn)出東高西低的趨勢(shì)；最高值都集中在沖湖積平原及湖積臺(tái)地中部,最低值都出現(xiàn)在大黑河與黃河沿岸及大黑河以西一帶。研究區(qū)東部的蠻漢山為該區(qū)地下水的主要補(bǔ)給區(qū),自第三紀(jì)以來經(jīng)歷了至少四次玄武巖噴發(fā),大量的富氟礦物在漫長的地質(zhì)演化、風(fēng)化及水巖相互作用下被帶入帶湖積臺(tái)地內(nèi)沉積,從而成為土壤和地下水中氟化物的重要來源。此外,在沖湖積平原與湖積臺(tái)地之間的溝谷地帶,地勢(shì)低洼、水動(dòng)力條件差、加之地下水位埋深較淺,蒸發(fā)作用的影響強(qiáng)烈,進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)了地下水中氟化物富集。
[Abstract]:The excess fluoride in groundwater has become an important factor affecting the safety of drinking water in arid and semi-arid areas of northern China. This paper combines the theories of hydrogeology, groundwater dynamics, hydrogeochemistry and so on. The distribution and occurrence of fluoride in phreatic water and soil in the study area were analyzed, and their interaction and influence mechanism were discussed. The main conclusions were as follows: 1. The chemical types of diving water in the study area were mainly NaCl type, while mixed CaHCO3 type. The chemical distribution of this water in the study area is mainly due to the shallow buried depth of groundwater and the strong evaporation concentration of groundwater, which results in the easy precipitation of Ca2 Mg2 with low solubility, and the high solubility of Na and Cl- in the study area. Therefore, it has become the main chemical component of groundwater in the study area. 2. The correlation analysis of fluorine content in groundwater and other chemical components of groundwater in the study area shows that the correlation degree between cation Ca2 and F- is the highest for the diving aquifer. There was a significant negative correlation between Ca2 concentration and fluoride content in the aquifer. 3. The minimum concentration of fluoride was 0.15 mg / L, the maximum concentration was 7.00 mg / L, and the average value was 2.10 mg / L. The fluoride content of groundwater in the lake platform is higher than that in the alluvial plain. The fluoride content in most of the phreatic water in the whole study area exceeds the limit of 1.0 mg / L specified in the third water quality of GB/T14848-1993 in China. The results show that the groundwater quality has produced fluoride pollution to a certain extent, and it is not suitable to be used as a drinking water source. 4. The spatial distribution characteristics of fluorine in groundwater and soil water-soluble fluoride in the study area have high similarity. The highest values are concentrated in the alluvial plain and the middle of the lacustrine platform. The lowest values occur along the Dahei River and the Yellow River and to the west of the Dahei River. The Mannghan Mountains in the eastern part of the study area are the main recharge areas for groundwater in this area, and have experienced at least four basalt eruptions since the Tertiary. A large number of fluorine-rich minerals have been brought into the lacustrine terraces during the long geological evolution, weathering and water-rock interaction, thus becoming an important source of fluoride in soil and groundwater. In the gully zone between the alluvial lake plain and the lacustrine platform, the topography is low, the hydrodynamic condition is poor, the groundwater level is shallow, and the influence of evaporation is strong, which further promotes the enrichment of fluoride in groundwater.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X523

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