本文關(guān)鍵詞： 生活垃圾填埋場(chǎng) 作業(yè)面 惡臭釋放 源解析　出處：《清華大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著我國城市生活垃圾產(chǎn)生量的急劇增加,垃圾處理處置過程所帶來環(huán)境問題也逐漸凸顯。其中,填埋作為我國主要的生活垃圾處理方式,其所產(chǎn)生的惡臭污染問題已經(jīng)引起了人們的廣泛關(guān)注。作業(yè)面是生活垃圾填埋場(chǎng)的主要惡臭污染源,因此,探索作業(yè)面的惡臭物質(zhì)釋放規(guī)律及惡臭濃度變化、進(jìn)而對(duì)惡臭物質(zhì)進(jìn)行源解析,對(duì)于日后填埋場(chǎng)惡臭污染的控制以及新建填埋場(chǎng)惡臭防護(hù)距離的確定有著重要意義。本研究系統(tǒng)調(diào)查了一年四季填埋場(chǎng)作業(yè)面VOCs的釋放特征,發(fā)現(xiàn)不同季節(jié),作業(yè)面檢出的惡臭物質(zhì)種類及濃度均有所不同。其中,春季共檢出41種,平均濃度為2,482.6μg·m-3;夏季共檢出59種,平均濃度為4,512.6μg·m-3;秋季共檢出66種,平均濃度為2,438.4μg·m-3;冬季共檢出54種,平均濃度為2,901μg·m-3。檢出的惡臭物質(zhì)可分為含硫化合物、含氧化合物、芳香烴、烷烴/烯烴、鹵代烴、萜烯六大類,其中,含氧化合物是作業(yè)面所有樣品中含量最高的物質(zhì)。異丁烷、乙醇、檸檬烯、丁烷、甲苯及三氯一氟甲烷則是填埋場(chǎng)作業(yè)面濃度最高的物質(zhì)。本研究也對(duì)生活垃圾填埋場(chǎng)作業(yè)面惡臭污染隨時(shí)間的變化特征進(jìn)行了探索。通過三點(diǎn)比較式臭袋法及與閾稀釋倍數(shù)法分別得出了作業(yè)面不同時(shí)間的實(shí)際及理論惡臭濃度,發(fā)現(xiàn)春季、秋季作業(yè)面惡臭污染變化較為嚴(yán)重,夏季和冬季的惡臭濃度則相對(duì)較低;作業(yè)面惡臭高發(fā)時(shí)段為白天14:00及凌晨2:00-6:00。惡臭濃度與作業(yè)面總VOCs濃度的相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.41;氣象條件也對(duì)惡臭濃度有所影響,其中,溫度、大氣壓的變化是最重要的制約因素。另外,通過特定方法篩選出乙醇、α-蒎烯、硫化氫、甲硫醚、檸檬烯、甲硫醇、二甲二硫醚和乙硫醚共8種物質(zhì)作為生活垃圾填埋場(chǎng)作業(yè)面的惡臭指標(biāo)物質(zhì)。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)室模擬實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)填埋場(chǎng)厭氧降解過程中的惡臭物質(zhì)產(chǎn)生進(jìn)行了源解析。結(jié)果表明,含氧化合物主要來源于生活垃圾可降解組分中淀粉、蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪等物質(zhì)的水解酸化;含硫化合物則主要來源于肉類廢棄物等蛋白質(zhì)含量較高的物質(zhì);萜烯類化合物主要產(chǎn)生自水果類廢棄物;而芳香烴、鹵代烴、烷烴/烯烴等物質(zhì)則可能主要來源于生活垃圾中的非生物可降解組分,其釋放速率與產(chǎn)甲烷速率相關(guān)。含硫化合物和萜烯類化合物是產(chǎn)甲烷階段的主要致臭物質(zhì),控制廚余垃圾尤其是肉類及水果類廢棄物進(jìn)入填埋場(chǎng)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)惡臭污染物的源頭削減,對(duì)于填埋場(chǎng)惡臭污染控制工程具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid increase of municipal solid waste (MSW) production in China, the environmental problems brought about by the process of garbage disposal and disposal are becoming more and more prominent. Among them, landfill is the main disposal method of domestic waste in China. The problem of stench pollution caused by it has been paid more and more attention. The working surface is the main pollution source of domestic refuse landfill. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the regularity of odour release and the change of stench concentration. Furthermore, the analysis of the sources of odorous substances is of great significance to the control of odor pollution in the landfill and the determination of the protection distance of the new landfill. This study systematically investigated the characteristics of VOCs release from the worksurface of the landfill throughout the year. It was found that the types and concentrations of odors were different in different seasons. Among them, 41 species were detected in spring, 59 species were detected in summer, and 66 species were detected in autumn, 59 species in summer, 4,512.6 渭 g 路m-3 in summer, and 66 species in autumn, respectively, in which 41 species were detected in spring, 59 species in summer, 4,512.6 渭 g 路m -3 in summer and 66 species in autumn, respectively. The average concentration was 2,438.4 渭 g 路m ~ (-3), and the average concentration was 2,901 渭 g 路m ~ (-3) in winter. The odors could be classified into six categories: sulfur compounds, oxygen-containing compounds, aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes / olefins, halides and terpenes, among which, Oxygen compounds are the most abundant of all samples on the surface. Isobutane, ethanol, limonene, butane, Toluene and trichloromethane were the most concentrated substances in landfill. This study also explored the variation characteristics of stink pollution over time. The actual and theoretical stench concentrations at different working time were obtained by the threshold dilution multiple method. It was found that the variation of stench pollution was serious in spring and autumn, but the concentration of stench in summer and winter was relatively low. The period of high incidence of occupational stench is 14:00 in the day and 2: 00-6: 00 in the morning. The correlation coefficient between the stench concentration and the total VOCs concentration of the working surface is 0.41.The weather conditions also affect the stench concentration, among which, the change of temperature and atmospheric pressure is the most important factor. Eight substances, ethanol, 偽 -pinene, hydrogen sulfide, methyl sulfide, limonene, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl disulfide and ethyl sulfide were selected by specific methods. The source analysis of odorous substances in the process of anaerobic degradation of landfill site was carried out. The results showed that the oxygen-containing compounds were mainly derived from hydrolytic acidification of starch, protein, fat and other substances in degradable components of MSW. Sulfur compounds are mainly derived from substances with high protein content, such as meat wastes; terpenes are mainly produced from fruit wastes; and aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, Alkanes / olefins and other substances may be mainly derived from non-biodegradable components in MSW, and their release rate is related to the methanogenic rate. Sulfur compounds and terpenes are the main odorizing substances in methanogenic stage. Controlling the entry of kitchen waste, especially meat and fruit wastes into landfills, can reduce the source of odour pollutants, which is of great significance to the engineering of controlling odor pollution in landfills.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X799.3;X512

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