本文關鍵詞： 生物除磷 反硝化除磷細菌 污泥馴化 氮源　出處：《大連理工大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：強化生物除磷技術(Enhance Biological Phosphorus Removal, EBPR)被普遍認為是一種經濟有效的除磷方法,而反硝化除磷工藝作為EBPR中的新興領域,已逐漸成為學者研究的焦點。該工藝是在厭氧/缺氧交替條件下,厭氧釋磷之后,缺氧段利用硝酸鹽或亞硝酸鹽作為電子受體過量吸磷,最終通過排除富含磷的剩余污泥達到除磷的目的。因其與傳統(tǒng)除磷方法相比具有諸多優(yōu)勢,人們陸續(xù)開始對反硝化除磷細菌的培養(yǎng)及相關影響因素進行研究。但報道的所有培養(yǎng)方式均是以氨氮作為氮源,并且因培養(yǎng)方式的差異,影響狀況也存在分歧。本文首次探討以硝氮為主要氮源的培養(yǎng)方式,馴化反硝化除磷細菌(Denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating organisms, DPAO),并針對亞硝氮和氨氮對其活性的影響進行相關研究。本文以活性污泥為種泥,通過序批式反應器(Sequencing batch reactor, SBR)在厭氧/缺氧/好氧交替的條件下馴化以硝酸鹽作為主要氮源的反硝化除磷細菌。在330天的培養(yǎng)時間內,對不同馴化階段的一個周期內氮磷等各指標變化進行研究及相應的動力學分析。通過熒光原位雜交和16S rRNA測序的分子生物學技術,確定菌體群落的組成。結果表明,隨著馴化的進行,厭氧階段釋磷速度逐漸加快,釋磷量增加,最終的去除率可達到91.8%,同時硝氮去除率可達100%。在此過程中,釋磷和吸磷隨時間變化的規(guī)律,符合一級動力學方程。通過分子生物學技術分析,聚磷菌占總菌的80.56%,其中反硝化除磷菌占50%以上,聚糖菌僅為5.6%。此外,在整個馴化過程中,水質和環(huán)境條件的變化使出水中磷濃度出現(xiàn)波動,而出水硝氮的變化不大。因此,以硝酸鹽作為主要氮源培養(yǎng)DPAO的方式是可行的,擁有較好的脫氮除磷效率,并有利于使聚磷菌成為優(yōu)勢菌種。最后優(yōu)化反應條件,達到長期穩(wěn)定運行,同步脫氮和除磷的效果良好。同時,本文針對所培養(yǎng)的DPAO,考察了亞硝氮和氨氮對其活性的影響。批示實驗結果表明缺氧段投加亞硝氮濃度在75 mg/L以下時,可作為電子受體進行除磷,濃度達到100 mg/L會開始產生抑制；進水中亞硝氮的存在會對DPAO釋磷明顯抑制。氨氮對DPAO的影響,表現(xiàn)在隨著氨氮濃度的增加,厭氧釋磷量和缺氧吸磷量有明顯的增加。隨后在序批式反應器中考察了亞硝氮和氨氮對DPAO的短期抑制及DPAO恢復能力。進水亞硝氮濃度為40 mg/L時；會先產生抑制隨后可以恢復；濃度升至80 mg/L,抑制后難以完全恢復,去除率僅為原來的70%。而進水中含有80 mg/L氨氮時,釋磷量和吸磷量均有所增加,但整體除磷效率并未有明顯變化,氨氮消耗量恒定。
[Abstract]:Enhanced Biological Phosphorus removal (EBPRs) is widely considered as an economical and effective method for phosphorus removal. Denitrifying phosphorus removal process is a new field in EBPR. The process is that after anaerobic phosphorus release, nitrate or nitrite is used as electron acceptor to absorb phosphorus in anoxic stage. In the end, phosphorus removal can be achieved by removing excess sludge rich in phosphorus, because it has many advantages compared with traditional phosphorus removal methods. People began to study the culture of denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria and related factors, but all the reported culture methods were ammonia nitrogen as a source of nitrogen, and because of the different culture methods, The effects of denitrification and denitrification phosphorus-accumulating organismsDPAON were investigated for the first time, and the effects of nitrite and ammonia nitrogen on their activity were also studied. In this paper, activated sludge was used as seed sludge. The denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria with nitrate as the main nitrogen source were domesticated by sequencing batch reactor (SBR) under the condition of anaerobic / anoxic / aerobic alternation. The changes of nitrogen and phosphorus in one cycle at different acclimation stages were studied and the corresponding kinetic analysis was carried out. The composition of bacterial community was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization and 16s rRNA sequencing. With the acclimation, the rate of phosphorus release in anaerobic stage was accelerated gradually, the amount of phosphorus release increased, the final removal rate of phosphorus reached 91.8%, and the removal rate of nitrate and nitrogen reached 100%. In this process, the regularity of phosphorus release and phosphorus absorption with time was observed. According to the first-order kinetic equation, through molecular biological analysis, it was found that phosphorus accumulating bacteria accounted for 80.56% of the total bacteria, of which denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria accounted for more than 50%, and saccharomycetes only 5.6. In addition, during the whole domestication process, The change of water quality and environmental conditions caused the fluctuation of phosphorus concentration in effluent, but the change of nitrate and nitrogen in effluent was not obvious. Therefore, it is feasible to culture DPAO with nitrate as the main nitrogen source and has good efficiency of denitrification and phosphorus removal. Finally, the reaction conditions are optimized to achieve long-term stable operation, and the effect of simultaneous denitrification and phosphorus removal is good. In this paper, the effects of nitrite and ammonia on the activity of DPAO were investigated. The experimental results showed that when the concentration of nitrite was below 75 mg/L in anoxic stage, phosphorus could be removed as an electron receptor, and when the concentration reached 100 mg/L, it would be inhibited. The presence of nitrite in influent significantly inhibited the release of phosphorus from DPAO. The effect of ammonia nitrogen on DPAO was observed with the increase of ammonia nitrogen concentration. The short-term inhibition of nitrite and ammonia nitrogen on DPAO and the recovery ability of DPAO were investigated in a sequencing batch reactor. When the influent concentration of nitrite nitrogen was 40 mg/L, the inhibition could be first produced and then recovered. When the concentration rose to 80 mg / L, it was difficult to recover completely, and the removal rate was only 70%. When the influent contained 80 mg/L ammonia nitrogen, the phosphorus release and phosphorus uptake increased, but the overall phosphorus removal efficiency did not change obviously, and the ammonia nitrogen consumption was constant.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703;X172

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本文編號：1524142