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  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 新煙堿類 赤子愛勝蚓 氧化脅迫 DNA損傷　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：新煙堿類殺蟲劑(Neonicotinoid insecticides)的出現(xiàn)為人類防治刺吸式害蟲提供了一個有力的武器。目前,新煙堿類殺蟲劑正在被世界各地廣泛使用,已經(jīng)投入市場和待商品化的新煙堿類殺蟲劑已有十幾種。烯啶蟲胺(Nitenpyram)和啶蟲脒(Acetamiprid)是繼第一代新煙堿類殺蟲劑吡蟲啉(Imidacloprid)之后,在世界范圍內(nèi)被廣泛應(yīng)用的新煙堿類殺蟲劑品種。目前,這兩種新煙堿類殺蟲劑已大量投產(chǎn)使用,通過地表徑流、土壤吸附殘留等途徑最終進入水生、陸生生態(tài)系統(tǒng),對環(huán)境中的非靶標生物造成負面影響。因此,研究烯啶蟲胺和啶蟲脒對生態(tài)環(huán)境中非靶標生物的毒性對于探索它們的生態(tài)環(huán)境安全性具有重要意義。本文旨在通過人工土壤染毒法探索烯啶蟲胺和啶蟲脒對土壤中非靶標生物的影響。實驗選取土壤中的模式生物--赤子愛勝蚓(Eisenia foetida)為研究對象,按照經(jīng)濟合作與發(fā)展組織(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development,OECD)(2004)的規(guī)定配制人工土壤對蚯蚓進行染毒。其中,烯啶蟲胺土壤染毒濃度為0mg?kg-1、0.5mg?kg-1、1mg?kg-1、2.5mg?kg-1;啶蟲脒的土壤染毒濃度為0mg?kg-1、0.05mg?kg-1、0.1mg?kg-1、0.25mg?kg-1、0.5mg?kg-1,并分別于染毒后的7d、14d、21d和28d取各濃度處理組的蚯蚓進行研究,以探索烯啶蟲胺和啶蟲脒對蚯蚓的慢性毒性。通過研究這兩種新煙堿類殺蟲劑對蚯蚓活性氧簇(Reactive Oxygen Species,ROS)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)活性、過氧化氫酶(Catalase,CAT)活性、谷胱甘肽硫轉(zhuǎn)移酶(Glutathione S-transferases,GST)活性和丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量的影響,以及對蚯蚓體腔細胞DNA的損傷程度,明確這兩種殺蟲劑對蚯蚓的氧化脅迫毒性和基因毒性,為認識并評估烯啶蟲胺和啶蟲脒對陸生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可能造成的影響提供實驗依據(jù)。本實驗研究結(jié)果如下:(1)在烯啶蟲胺和啶蟲脒的影響下,蚯蚓體內(nèi)ROS含量發(fā)生了明顯變化。其中,烯啶蟲胺高濃度(2.5mg?kg-1)處理組ROS含量經(jīng)歷了先升高后降低的變化過程,低濃度(0.5mg?kg-1和1mg?kg-1)處理組無明顯變化;啶蟲脒各濃度處理組ROS含量都有一定程度的升高。(2)烯啶蟲胺和啶蟲脒均能夠引起蚯蚓產(chǎn)生氧化脅迫。就SOD酶活性來看,在烯啶蟲胺的誘導(dǎo)下,1mg?kg-1和2.5mg?kg-1處理組SOD活性顯著增強,而0.5mg?kg-1處理組無明顯變化;在啶蟲脒的刺激下,各濃度處理組SOD活性無顯著變化。CAT活性在兩種新煙堿類殺蟲劑的刺激下都經(jīng)歷了先激活后抑制最后恢復(fù)到對照水平的過程。(3)經(jīng)烯啶蟲胺和啶蟲脒處理后,各實驗濃度處理組均可對蚯蚓解毒酶GST活性產(chǎn)生影響。在烯啶蟲胺影響下GST活性在7d時明顯受到抑制,中期(14d~21d)無明顯變化,后期(28d)時受到抑制;在啶蟲脒影響下GST活性7d時受到激活,之后受到抑制。(4)在烯啶蟲胺和啶蟲脒的作用下,蚯蚓體內(nèi)MDA含量均有先升高后降低的趨勢。在烯啶蟲胺影響下,MDA含量經(jīng)歷升高-恢復(fù)正常水平-升高-恢復(fù)正常水平的過程,而在啶蟲脒影響下,蚯蚓體內(nèi)MDA含量先升高后恢復(fù)到對照水平。(5)在兩種新煙堿類殺蟲劑對蚯蚓的染毒下,蚯蚓體腔細胞DNA受到了明顯的損傷。蚯蚓DNA Olive尾距和彗星尾部DNA含量均呈現(xiàn)出明顯的劑量效應(yīng)關(guān)系,并隨著時間的延長,DNA損傷呈現(xiàn)先升高后降低的過程。從以上結(jié)果可知,兩種新煙堿類殺蟲劑烯啶蟲胺和啶蟲脒均在一定程度上對蚯蚓產(chǎn)生了氧化脅迫和DNA損傷,并引起了蚯蚓體內(nèi)酶活性的變化,證明烯啶蟲胺和啶蟲脒能對陸生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)能夠產(chǎn)生一定的毒性效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:Neonicotinoid insecticides (Neonicotinoid insecticides) has provided a powerful weapon for the prevention and control of human sucking pests. Currently, neonicotinoid insecticides are widely used all over the world, has been put into the market and the commercialization of neonicotinoid insecticides has ten kinds. Nitenpyram (Nitenpyram) and acetamiprid (Acetamiprid) is the first generation of new neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid (Imidacloprid), neonicotinoid insecticide varieties has been widely used in the world. At present, these two kinds of neonicotinoid insecticides have been put into use, through surface runoff, soil residual adsorption way into aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, resulting in a negative impact on the environment of non target organisms. Therefore, non target organisms of nitenpyram and acetamiprid on ecological toxicity in the environment for exploring the environmental safety of students with their state Is of great significance. This paper aims to explore the effect of artificial soil test method of nitenpyram and acetamiprid on non target organisms in the soil. The soil in the experiment selected the model organism of Eisenia foetida (Eisenia foetida) as the research object, according to the organization for economic cooperation and development (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD) (2004) the provisions of the artificial soil to earthworms were exposed. Among them, nitenpyram soil exposure concentration is 0mg? Kg-1,0.5mg? Kg-1,1mg? Kg-1,2.5mg? Kg-1; soil concentrations of acetamiprid was 0mg? Kg-1,0.05mg? Kg-1,0.1mg? Kg-1,0.25mg? Kg-1,0.5mg? Kg-1, respectively after exposure to 7d, 14d. 21d and 28d take the concentration of earthworm was studied, in order to explore the chronic toxicity of nitenpyram and acetamiprid on earthworms. Through the research of the two neonicotinoid pesticides on earthworm reactive oxygen species (Reactive Oxygen, Spe Cies, ROS) content, superoxide dismutase (Superoxide Dismutase, SOD) activity, catalase (Catalase, CAT) activity, glutathione S-transferase (Glutathione S-transferases, GST) activity and malondialdehyde (Malondialdehyde, MDA) on the content of DNA and the degree of injury of earthworm coelomocytes, clear the two oxidation pesticides on earthworm stress toxicity and genetic toxicity, for understanding and evaluation of nitenpyram and acetamiprid to provide experimental evidence for the effect of terrestrial ecosystem may cause. The experimental results are as follows: (1) the effect of nitenpyram and acetamiprid, changed the content of ROS earthworms. Among them, nitenpyram high concentration (2.5mg? Kg-1) treatment group ROS content changed the first increased and then decreased, low concentration (0.5mg? Kg-1 and 1mg? Kg-1) treatment group had no obvious change; the concentration of acetamiprid treatment group ROS content 鏈変竴瀹氱▼搴︾殑鍗囬珮.(2)鐑暥铏兒鍜屽暥铏剴鍧囪兘澶熷紩璧瘋毌铓撲駭鐢熸哀鍖栬儊榪，

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