本文關鍵詞： 體外提取方法 土壤重金屬 生物可給性 風險評價　出處：《揚州大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：重金屬是一類在環(huán)境中廣泛存在的污染物,具有較強的“三致”作用,土壤重金屬常常經“手-口”途徑進入人體,危害健康。生物可給性是人體健康風險評估中的重要評估因子,體外提取方法在評估重金屬生物可給性時比動物試驗簡單、快捷且可避免倫理問題,因此顯得尤為重要。本文運用國際上普遍采用的四種體外提取方法(UBM、PBET、SBET和IVG)針對土壤中重金屬Zn、Ni、Cd和Pb的生物可給性進行了比較；利用PBET法分析了不同消化液(胃液和胃腸液)以及土壤性質對其產生的影響；探討了內容物(面粉和茶多酚)的存在以及消化條件(胃液pH、土液比、停留時間)的改變對重金屬生物可給性的影響；評價了揚州市城區(qū)土壤和灰塵中重金屬的生物可給性及潛在健康風險；為合理評估土壤重金屬對人體的健康風險提供科學依據。本研究主要得到以下結果：(1)4種體外消化方法對于酸性或堿性土壤中重金屬Zn、Ni、 Cd和Pb的生物可給性大多存在顯著性差異。IVG法對偏酸性土壤中Zn.Ni和Cd的提取量最大,分別為9.75、6.84和0.41 mg·kg-1,而SBET法對偏堿性土壤中Zn、Ni和Pb的提取量最大,分別為8.26、4.01和15.0 mg·kg-1。對于重金屬Zn、Ni和Cd,采用IVG和PBET分析時,酸性土壤比堿性土壤的生物可給性高；用SBET和UBM分析時,則是堿性土壤高于酸性土壤。說明體外消化方法、重金屬的種類以及土壤性質對重金屬的生物可給性均有明顯影響,評價時應予綜合考慮。(2)基于PBET法分析時發(fā)現：Pb、Ni和Zn在胃相中的生物可給性高于胃腸相,Cu沒有統(tǒng)一規(guī)律。Pb、Cu、Ni和Zn在胃相、胃腸相中的提取量與其相應全量呈正相關；除Pb外,Cu、Ni和Zn還與土壤有機質呈正相關、與土壤pH值呈負相關。為此,可用胃液消化過程替代胃腸液消化以簡化體外消化試驗,實現快速測定。(3)分別運用SBET和PBET法分析胃液中存在內容物(面粉或茶多酚)對重金屬生物可給性的影響時發(fā)現：隨面粉質量增加,Pb、Cu、 Ni和Zn的生物可給性均減小,兩者有線性關系(R2均大于0.78)；隨茶多酚質量增加,Pb、Cu和Zn的生物可給性亦減少,但Ni則呈增加趨勢。(4)土壤重金屬生物可給性受諸多因素影響：消化液pH值降低、土液比值減小、停留時間延長都可能使重金屬生物可給性增加；所以評價重金屬生物可給性時,要選擇合適的胃液pH值、土液比和停留時間等試驗條件。(5)用SBET和PBET法分析,運用美國EPA模型評價揚州市各功能區(qū)土壤中重金屬Pb、Cu、Ni和Zn對人體的健康風險,結果發(fā)現：就各功能區(qū)而言,工業(yè)區(qū)土壤風險指數最大,商業(yè)區(qū)灰塵的風險指數最大；揚州市區(qū)土壤和灰塵中Pb對人體潛在危害最大、Zn最��；四種金屬對人體的綜合風險指數HI均小于1,說明小孩通過“手-口”途徑意外攝入本地土壤和灰塵時,Pb、Cu、Ni和Zn沒有非致癌風險。
[Abstract]:Heavy metals are a kind of pollutants widely existing in the environment, which have strong "three causes" effect. Soil heavy metals often enter the human body through the "hand-mouth" pathway. Bioavailability is an important assessment factor in human health risk assessment. In vitro extraction method is simpler than animal test in evaluating bioavailability of heavy metals and can avoid ethical problems. So it is very important. In this paper, four methods of in vitro extraction, UBMN PBETT SBET and IVG, were used to deal with the heavy metal Zn ~ (2 +) Ni in soil. The bioavailability of CD and Pb was compared. The effects of different digestive fluids (gastric juice and gastrointestinal fluid) and soil properties on their production were analyzed by PBET method. The effects of contents (flour and tea polyphenols) and digestion conditions (pH of gastric juice, ratio of soil to liquid, residence time) on bioavailability of heavy metals were discussed. The bioavailability and potential health risk of heavy metals in soil and dust of Yangzhou city were evaluated. In order to provide a scientific basis for evaluating the health risk of heavy metals in soil, the following results were obtained in this study: 1) in vitro digestion of Zn ~ (2 +) Ni in acidic or alkaline soils. There was significant difference in biodegradability between CD and Pb. Zn.Ni and CD extracted by IVG method were the largest, 9.75, respectively. 6.84 mg 路kg -1 and 0.41 mg 路kg -1, while the extraction amount of Zn Ni and Pb from alkaline soil by SBET method was 8.26 mg 路kg -1, respectively. 4.01 mg 路kg -1 and 15.0 mg 路kg -1. For heavy metals, IVG and PBET, the bioavailability of acidic soils was higher than that of alkaline soils. When SBET and UBM were used, alkaline soil was higher than acid soil, indicating that in vitro digestion method, heavy metal species and soil properties had a significant impact on the bioavailability of heavy metals. The biodegradability of Ni and Zn in stomach phase was higher than that in stomach phase. The extraction amount of Ni and Zn in gastric and gastrointestinal phase was positively correlated with the corresponding total amount. In addition to Pb, Cu Ni and Zn were positively correlated with soil organic matter and negatively correlated with soil pH. Therefore, gastric juice digestion could be used instead of gastrointestinal fluid digestion to simplify in vitro digestion test. SBET and PBET methods were used to analyze the effect of contents (flour or tea polyphenols) on the bioavailability of heavy metals in gastric juice. The biodegradability of Cu, Ni and Zn decreased, and the linear relationship between Cu, Ni and Zn was higher than 0.78. With the increase of tea polyphenols, the bioavailability of Cu and Zn also decreased, but Ni showed an increasing trend. 4) the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil was affected by many factors: the pH value of digestible solution decreased. The decrease of soil liquid ratio and the prolongation of residence time may increase the bioavailability of heavy metals. Therefore, when evaluating the bioavailability of heavy metals, we should choose the appropriate pH value of gastric juice, soil-liquid ratio and residence time. The EPA model was used to evaluate the health risk of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn) in the soils of various functional areas in Yangzhou City. The results showed that the soil risk index of industrial area was the largest in terms of each functional area. The risk index of dust in commercial district is the largest; The potential harm of Pb to human body in soil and dust of Yangzhou urban area is the greatest and the least. The comprehensive risk index (HI) of the four metals to human body was less than 1, which indicated that there was no non-carcinogenic risk when children accidentally ingested local soil and dust by hand mouth route.
【學位授予單位】：揚州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53

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