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  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 可降解表面活性劑 二氯苯 洗脫 土壤性質(zhì)　出處：《山西大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：二氯苯是一種氯代芳香烴化合物,在染料、塑料、農(nóng)藥、醫(yī)藥及日用化工產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用廣泛。其中,鄰二氯苯和對二氯苯由于生產(chǎn)量大,應(yīng)用廣泛,容易在生產(chǎn)和使用過程中進(jìn)入土壤環(huán)境中,危及生物和人體健康。因此,二氯苯污染土壤的修復(fù)是環(huán)境領(lǐng)域亟待解決的問題之一。表面活性劑(尤其是可降解表面活性劑)增效修復(fù)是目前最具應(yīng)用潛力的土壤有機(jī)污染修復(fù)技術(shù)之一,增溶洗脫是其實現(xiàn)的前提。本研究以鄰二氯苯和對二氯苯污染土壤為研究對象,選取生物表面活性劑皂角苷、合成表面活性劑烷基糖苷兩種可降解表面活性劑,與表面活性劑Tween80進(jìn)行對比,研究其對污染土壤中二氯苯的異位洗脫和原位淋洗去除效果,并對應(yīng)用過程中上述三種表面活性劑對土壤性質(zhì)的影響進(jìn)行了研究。主要研究結(jié)果如下：(1)皂角苷、烷基糖苷和Tween80對鄰二氯苯和對二氯苯的增溶作用在CMC前后隨其濃度呈線性關(guān)系,增溶順序為Tween80烷基糖苷皂角苷；而皂角苷和烷基糖苷對土壤中鄰二氯苯和對二氯苯的異位洗脫去除效果均優(yōu)于Tween80;土壤中鄰二氯苯和對二氯苯的洗脫過程在360min內(nèi)可達(dá)到平衡,且基本符合4參數(shù)2室洗脫動力學(xué)方程。(2)皂角苷和烷基糖苷對土壤中鄰二氯苯和對二氯苯的原位淋洗去除效果亦優(yōu)于Tween80,但原位淋洗去除率低于異位洗脫去除率；原位淋洗后表層土壤中鄰二氯苯和對二氯苯殘留量最低,底層次之,中層最高；隨著淋洗液體積的增加,淋洗液中鄰二氯苯和對二氯苯濃度整體呈下降趨勢,鄰二氯苯和對二氯苯累積量呈上升趨勢。(3)皂角苷和Tween80可降低土壤pH值,而烷基糖苷可升高土壤pH值；4gL-1皂角苷和Tween80可提高土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量；2g L-1皂角苷、烷基糖苷和Tween80可提高土壤CEC。4gL-1皂角苷、烷基糖苷和Tween80可顯著提高土壤全氮量、速效磷含量和速效鉀含量。4g L-1皂角苷、烷基糖苷和Tween80可顯著提高土壤脫氫酶和過氧化氫酶活性；1g L-1皂角苷、烷基糖苷和Tween80可顯著提高土壤多酚氧化酶活性。綜上所述,與Tween80相比,可降解表面活性劑皂角苷和烷基糖苷對污染土壤中鄰二氯苯和對二氯苯的異位洗脫和原位淋洗去除效果更好,且對土壤肥力、養(yǎng)分含量和土壤酶活性的提高作用更為顯著�？山到獗砻婊钚詣┎粌H對土壤中二氯苯的修復(fù)去除效果較好,而且可以改善土壤性質(zhì),為污染土壤的再利用提供保障。
[Abstract]:Dichlorobenzene is a chlorinated aromatic compound, which is widely used in the production of dyes, plastics, pesticides, medicine and daily chemical products, among which o-dichlorobenzene and p-dichlorobenzene are widely used because of their large production capacity. Easy to enter the soil environment during production and use, endangering biological and human health. The remediation of soil contaminated by dichlorobenzene is one of the urgent problems in the field of environment. The synergistic remediation of surfactants (especially degradable surfactants) is one of the most promising remediation techniques for soil organic pollution. Solubilization and elution is the precondition of this study. In this study, biosurfactant saponins were selected to synthesize two biodegradable surfactants, namely o-dichlorobenzene and p-dichlorobenzene contaminated soil. The heterotopic elution and in situ elution of dichlorobenzene in contaminated soil were studied by contrast with surfactant Tween80. The effects of the three surfactants on soil properties were studied. The main results were as follows: 1) saponins. The solubilization of o-dichlorobenzene and p-dichlorobenzene by alkyl glycosides and Tween80 showed a linear relationship with their concentrations before and after CMC, and the order of solubilization was Tween80 alkyl glycosides saponins. However, both saponins and alkyl glycosides were better than Tween80 in the removal of o-dichlorobenzene and p-dichlorobenzene in soil. The elution process of o-dichlorobenzene and p-dichlorobenzene in soil could reach equilibrium within 360 min. The in-situ elution of o-dichlorobenzene and p-dichlorobenzene in soil was also better than that of Tween80. However, the removal rate of in-situ elution was lower than that of ectopic elution. After in-situ leaching, the residues of o-dichlorobenzene and p-dichlorobenzene were the lowest in the topsoil, followed by the bottom layer and the middle layer. The concentration of o-dichlorobenzene and p-dichlorobenzene in the eluate decreased with the increase of the volume of eluent. The accumulation of o-dichlorobenzene and p-dichlorobenzene showed an increasing trend. The saponins and Tween80 decreased the soil pH value, but alkyl glucoside increased the soil pH value. 4g L-1 saponins and Tween80 could increase the content of soil organic matter. 2 g L-1 saponins, alkyl glycosides and Tween80 increased soil CEC.4gL-1 saponins, alkyl glycosides and Tween80 significantly increased soil total nitrogen content. The contents of available phosphorus and available potassium. 4 g L-1 saponins, alkyl glycosides and Tween80 could significantly increase the activities of soil dehydrogenase and catalase. 1g L-1 saponins, alkyl glycosides and Tween80 could significantly increase the activity of soil polyphenol oxidase. In conclusion, compared with Tween80. Biodegradable surfactants saponins and alkyl glycosides were better for the removal of o-dichlorobenzene and p-dichlorobenzene in contaminated soil and in situ elution. Biodegradable surfactants can not only improve the remediation and removal of dichlorobenzene in soil, but also improve the properties of soil. To provide protection for the reuse of contaminated soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53

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