本文關(guān)鍵詞： 鄱陽湖 沉水植物 營養(yǎng)物 重金屬 相關(guān)性分析 除趨勢(shì)典范對(duì)應(yīng)分析　出處：《江西師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著各種營養(yǎng)鹽與重金屬等污染物質(zhì)不斷排入鄱陽湖,以及人類活動(dòng)干擾的增強(qiáng),鄱陽湖的水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)及沉水植物群落已受到嚴(yán)重影響。課題選擇鄱陽湖的南磯山、吳城、鄱陽縣白沙洲與龍口、都昌縣周溪與西源等典型湖濱濕地作為研究區(qū),分別于2013年秋季及2014年春季等兩個(gè)不同季節(jié)調(diào)查沉水植物群落并采集水體與底泥樣品,測(cè)定分析各樣點(diǎn)水體與底泥中氮、磷等營養(yǎng)鹽以及重金屬銅(Cu)、鉛(Pb)、鎘(Cd)等污染物的含量。以此為基礎(chǔ)對(duì)鄱陽湖沉水植物的種類分布、植物群落與生物多樣性進(jìn)行研究;采用水質(zhì)富營養(yǎng)化評(píng)價(jià)方法與TSIM回歸模型對(duì)鄱陽湖水體進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià);運(yùn)用地累積指數(shù)法和潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)法對(duì)底泥重金屬的污染現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià);通過相關(guān)性分析和除趨勢(shì)典范對(duì)應(yīng)分析,尋找影響沉水植物群落的主要環(huán)境因子。論文得到國家自然科學(xué)基金(D41161035):“鄱陽湖典型濕地沉水植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)及其水環(huán)境因子定量研究”的支持與資助。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)兩個(gè)不同季節(jié)在研究區(qū)共發(fā)現(xiàn)沉水植物15種隸屬于9科11屬。其中,2014年春季共發(fā)現(xiàn)沉水植物11種,隸屬于7科9屬,其中輪藻(Chara vulgaris)為大型沉水藻類,其余種類皆為水生維管束植物。研究區(qū)分布較為廣泛的物種為苦草(Valliisneria spiralis)和黑藻(Hydrilla vertivilla),而輪藻和大茨藻(Najas marina)是分布相對(duì)較少的物種。共發(fā)現(xiàn)12種沉水植物群叢類型,其中以苦草群叢與苦草+黑藻群叢居多�？嗖菔歉鱾�(gè)湖泊的優(yōu)勢(shì)植物,不同濕地優(yōu)勢(shì)物種及組成均有所不同。南磯山濕地白沙湖與常湖的沉水植物物種多樣性較豐富,且分布較均勻。都昌與鄱陽白沙洲的物種多樣性不高,且分布不均勻。兩個(gè)不同季節(jié)中,南磯山濕地的白沙湖、常湖、三泥灣等各湖泊的物種組成比較穩(wěn)定,優(yōu)勢(shì)植物都為苦草、黑藻和小茨藻,其群叢類型有所不同;白沙湖與常湖生物多樣性指數(shù)變化不大,而三泥灣由于春季植物種群減少和分布不均勻,導(dǎo)致其生物多樣性減少。(2)研究區(qū)水質(zhì)良好,水質(zhì)狀況排序?yàn)?白沙洲、吳城南磯山都昌龍口,前3個(gè)研究區(qū)水體的總氮(TN)、總磷(TP)、化學(xué)需氧量(COD)基本達(dá)到地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量Ⅲ類水標(biāo)準(zhǔn),龍口的水質(zhì)最差,超出Ⅴ類水的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。水體富營養(yǎng)化的兩種評(píng)價(jià)方法結(jié)果都顯示各樣地的水體呈富營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)。綜合分析底泥中的全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)和有機(jī)碳(OC)含量,南磯山的常湖與三泥灣的營養(yǎng)鹽含量均較高,都昌和鄱陽縣龍口的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)含量都比較低,各樣地底泥的有機(jī)質(zhì)主要來源于高等植物,底泥有機(jī)質(zhì)是其氮的主要來源。兩個(gè)不同季節(jié)調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示南磯山水體均達(dá)到Ⅲ類水標(biāo)準(zhǔn),且秋季水體呈中營養(yǎng)狀態(tài),春季為富營養(yǎng)。兩季中南磯山水體營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)有顯著性差異,而底泥無顯著性差異。(3)各樣點(diǎn)水體中(除都昌縣周溪濕地Pb含量外),3種重金屬含量均未超過地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量Ⅱ類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限值,且3種重金屬含量的大小為:ρ(Cu)ρ(Pb)ρ(Cd),鄱陽縣龍口湖濱區(qū)的3種重金屬含量相對(duì)較高,而白沙洲的較低。水體和底泥Cu、Cd含量最大值均出現(xiàn)在龍口,Pb最大值出現(xiàn)在周溪。南磯山兩季水體與底泥中的重金屬Cu、Pb含量差異性顯著,Cd含量變化不大。地累積指數(shù)和潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)兩種評(píng)價(jià)方法的評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果均表明龍口底泥重金屬的污染程度為中度,是研究區(qū)重金屬污染最嚴(yán)重的區(qū)域,其余區(qū)域的污染程度均為中度以下。潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)結(jié)果顯示,南磯山兩季底泥的重金屬污染為輕度污染。(4)Pearson相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果表明,水體透明度、水深、水體總氮含量與沉水植物的鮮重呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān);水深與沉水植物物種多樣性呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān),且水體總氮、總磷、Cu、Pb含量和底泥有機(jī)碳、全氮等均有顯著相關(guān)性。通過對(duì)沉水植物群落樣點(diǎn)與環(huán)境因子的除趨勢(shì)典范對(duì)應(yīng)分析(DCCA),結(jié)果表明,排序軸1主要反映水體透明度和水深,排序軸2主要反映水體Cu含量。綜上分析,影響春季鄱陽湖沉水植物群落的主要環(huán)境因子為水深與水體透明,其它影響較顯著的環(huán)境因子還包括水體營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)以及Cu含量。在不同季節(jié),影響南磯山濕地沉水植物群落的主要環(huán)境因子有所不同,2013年秋季沉水植物多樣性與環(huán)境因子間無顯著相關(guān)性,而2014年春季沉水植物多樣性與水深、水體透明度均呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。綜合研究表明,鄱陽湖的水質(zhì)總體良好,基本達(dá)到地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量Ⅲ類水標(biāo)準(zhǔn),底泥重金屬污染除鄱陽縣龍口為中度污染外,其余區(qū)域底泥為較輕度污染。影響沉水植物群落的關(guān)鍵環(huán)境因子為水深和水體透明度,大多數(shù)沉水植物群落分布在水位較淺、水質(zhì)較好的區(qū)域。南磯山濕地水位淺、水質(zhì)良好,沉水植物種類多,且生物多樣性豐富;而都昌水位高,水質(zhì)較差,其生物多樣性最低。對(duì)比分析南磯山濕地春、秋兩季的水土環(huán)境指標(biāo)與沉水植物群落結(jié)構(gòu),發(fā)現(xiàn)南磯山沉水植物的群落結(jié)構(gòu)比較穩(wěn)定,水體各項(xiàng)污染物的變化比較大,不同季節(jié)底泥各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)相對(duì)穩(wěn)定,且春季的水質(zhì)更差;環(huán)境因子對(duì)沉水植物群落的影響春季比秋季更大。
[Abstract]:With a variety of nutrients and heavy metals and other pollutants flowing into the Poyang Lake, and enhance the disturbance of human activities, the aquatic ecosystem and submerged plant communities of Poyang Lake have been seriously affected. The paper choose Poyang Lake Nanjishan, Wucheng County, Poyang baisazhou and Longkou, Duchang county and the Western Zhou Xi source of typical wetland as study area respectively, in the autumn of 2013 and spring of 2014 two submerged plant communities in different seasons and collected water and sediment samples, analysis of water and sediment in the nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients and heavy metal copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) content of pollutants. The species distribution on the basis of submerged macrophytes in Poyang Lake, study on plant communities and biodiversity; the eutrophication evaluation method and TSIM regression model to evaluate the water of Poyang Lake; using the index of geoaccumulation And the potential ecological risk index of heavy metal pollution was evaluated; the correlation analysis and detrended canonical correspondence analysis, find the main environmental factors affecting the submerged plant communities. The National Natural Science Foundation of China (D41161035): "supported by Poyang Lake typical wetland macrophyte community structure and water environmental factors in quantitative research" the main results are as follows: (1) two different seasons in the study area were found in 15 kinds of submerged plants belonging to 9 families and 11 genera. Among them, in the spring of 2014 found a total of 11 kinds of submerged plants, belonging to 7 families and 9 genera, among them (Chara vulgaris) for CHAROPHYTE submersed algae, the other species are aquatic vascular plants. Study area is widely distributed species (Valliisneria spiralis) and eelgrass (Hydrilla vertivilla), and Hydrilla verticillata and stonewort najadaceae (Najas Marina) is a relatively small distribution A total of 12 species. Species cluster types found in Vallisneria cluster and Vallisneria spiralis + cluster in Hydrilla verticillata is the dominant plant. Vallisneria species and composition of various lakes, wetlands are different. The different advantages of Nanjishan wetland Baisha lake and lake often submerged plant species diversity is rich, and the distribution is uniform. Duchang and Poyang Baishazhou species diversity is not high, and the distribution is not uniform. In two different seasons in Nanjishan wetland Baisha lake, lake mud Bay often, three species in each lake are relatively stable, dominant plant Vallisneria spiralis, Hydrilla verticillata and n.minor, the cluster different types of changes; Baisha lake and lake often biodiversity index, while the three mud Bay because the spring plant population decreased and the distribution is not uniform, resulting in a decrease in biodiversity. (2) the study area good water quality, water quality in the order: the white sandbar, the southern Rocky Wu Cheng Yama Toma longkou, The first 3 of total nitrogen water (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD) reached the surface water environmental quality standard class III water, Longkou the worst water quality, beyond the class V water standard. The results of two evaluation methods of eutrophication of the water body are displayed a comprehensive analysis of eutrophication. Total nitrogen in the sediment (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and organic carbon (OC) content, nutrient content of Chang Lake and three mud Bay Nanjishan the higher nutrient content, Longkou Duchang and Poyang county are relatively low, the organic matter of sediment the main source in higher plants, the sediment organic matter is the main source of nitrogen in two different seasons. The survey results show that the southern rocky landscape of the body reached the class III water standard, and autumn water is mesotrophic to eutrophic. In spring two season South Rocky Mountain eutrophication has significant differences, but no significant the difference of sediment (3). Every point in the water (except Duchang County Zhouxi wetland Pb content), 3 heavy metals did not exceed the limit of surface water environmental quality standard II, and 3 kinds of heavy metal content in size: P (Cu) = (Pb) P (Cd), 3 kinds of heavy metals in Poyang County Dragon Lake District the phase of high and low. Baishazhou water and sediment content of Cd Cu, the maximum values appeared in Longkou, Pb maximum in Zhouxi. Heavy metal Cu Nanjishan water and sediment in the two quarter, the content of Pb was significantly higher, Cd content changed little. The accumulation index and potential ecological risk the number of evaluation methods of evaluation results showed that the pollution degree of heavy metals in the sediment of Longkou is moderate, is the most serious heavy metal pollution in this area, the pollution degree of the rest of the region are moderate. The potential ecological risk index showed that the heavy metal pollution in Nanjishan two quarter is slightly polluted sediment (4). Pearson correlation analysis results showed that the water transparency, water depth, total nitrogen content of water and submerged plant fresh weight was negatively correlated; was negatively correlated with the depth of diversity of submerged plant species, and the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, Cu, Pb content and sediment organic carbon, total nitrogen had significant correlation by detrended canonical correspondence analysis of submerged plant community samples and environmental factors (DCCA), the results show that the 1 axis mainly reflect the water transparency and water depth, 2 axis mainly reflect the water content of Cu. Based on the analysis, the main environmental factors affecting the spring Poyang Lake submerged plant community for water depth and water transparency, environmental factors other significant effects include water nutrients and Cu content. In different seasons, the main environmental factors affecting plant communities in the southern Rocky Mountain Wetland submerged vary, submerged plant diversity and the autumn of 2013 No significant correlation between the environmental factors and the spring of 2014, submerged plant diversity and water depth, water transparency was negatively correlated. The comprehensive study shows that the overall water quality of Poyang Lake is good, basically reached the surface water environmental quality standard class III water, heavy metals in Poyang Longkou is moderately polluted, the rest of the region were relatively mild effect of pollution. The key environmental factors for submerged plant communities and water transparency depth, most of the submerged plant communities distributed in the shallow water area, the water quality is good. The Nanjishan wetland in shallow water, good water quality, submerged plant species, and abundant biodiversity; and the Duchang high level of water quality is poor, its biological diversity the lowest. Comparative analysis of Nanjishan wetland in spring, autumn two season soil environmental index and macrophyte community structure, found the southern Rocky Mountains of submerged macrophytes is relatively stable, water The variation of pollutants is relatively large. In different seasons, the indicators of sediment are relatively stable, and the quality of water in spring is worse. The influence of environmental factors on submerged macrophyte communities is greater in spring than in autumn.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X524;Q948.8

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