本文關鍵詞： 氮氧化物 污染 CALPUFF 控制　出處：《湘潭大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著當地機動車數量持續(xù)增長,能源消耗漸增,湘潭市氮氧化物污染日益嚴重,對市民的正常生活和身體健康影響越來越大。為了對氮氧化物進行科學的防治,不僅需要全面的了解湘潭市的空氣質量特征和氣象條件的影響,更要弄清氮氧化物的具體來源,確定各污染源對污染物濃度貢獻的大小,這樣才能采取針對性的氮氧化物減排措施控制其總量,使大氣氮氧化物的濃度控制在安全的限值之內。本研究基于湘潭市環(huán)境空氣質量特征和氣象條件的影響,建立氮氧化物排放清單,采用CALPUFF大氣擴散模型對該地區(qū)的氮氧化物進行數值模擬研究,得到如下結論:(1)湘潭市環(huán)境空氣呈現復合污染,主要污染物為細顆粒物和可吸入顆粒物,其次是臭氧八小時、二氧化氮和二氧化硫,全年空氣質量達標率為54%。NO2的污染特征表現為:在監(jiān)測站、科大、岳塘和昭山四個監(jiān)測點位,年均值均存在超標情況,最大值出現在岳塘,最小值出現在板塘;冬季濃度普遍偏高,夏季偏低;周均值基本呈多峰型變化,在星期二、星期四和星期六出現峰值;日均值在岳塘點超標最為嚴重,其次是昭山、板塘、江麓、科大和監(jiān)測站;小時均值大體呈雙峰型變化,在上午9:00和晚上22:00左右達到峰值,在午后15:00左右達到最低值。(2)NO2濃度隨著風向不斷變化,當吹東東北風時,NO2濃度最大,其次是東和東北風,偏南風時,NO2濃度普遍較小。另外NO2濃度隨風力等級的升高而降低,隨著大氣穩(wěn)定度增強呈上升趨勢。(3)湘潭市2013年大氣污染源氮氧化物總排放量為43144.26噸,其中重點調查工業(yè)污染源對氮氧化物的排放貢獻比例最大,為84.70%,其次是主干道機動車污染源、小街道機動車污染源、非重點調查工業(yè)污染源,分別為10.42%、2.30%和1.86%,城鎮(zhèn)生活污染源所占比例最少,為0.72%。(4)通過模擬值和實測值的對比分析,得到CALPUFF模型模擬效果較好。模擬結果顯示NO2濃度超標區(qū)域主要集中在東北走向的區(qū)域,包括岳塘、監(jiān)測站、昭山周圍以及京珠高速沿線,其中京珠高速沿線為NO2濃度高值最為集中的區(qū)域,NO2低濃度主要分布在河西老城區(qū)以及模擬區(qū)域邊緣地帶。模擬區(qū)域NO2濃度的主要貢獻源為主干道機動車污染源,且高值主要集中在模擬區(qū)域東部的京珠高速和滬昆高速沿線及交匯處。
[Abstract]:With the continuous growth of the number of local motor vehicles and the increase of energy consumption, the pollution of nitrogen oxides in Xiangtan City is becoming more and more serious, which has more and more influence on the normal life and health of citizens. In order to prevent and cure nitrogen oxides scientifically. It is necessary to understand not only the characteristics of air quality and the influence of meteorological conditions in Xiangtan city, but also the specific sources of nitrogen oxides, and determine the contribution of pollution sources to the concentration of pollutants. In order to control the total amount of nitrogen oxides, the concentration of nitrogen oxides in atmosphere can be controlled within the safe limit. This study is based on the characteristics of environmental air quality and the influence of meteorological conditions in Xiangtan city. The nitrogen oxides emission inventory was established and the CALPUFF atmospheric diffusion model was used to simulate the nitrogen oxides in this area. The conclusion is as follows: 1) the environmental air pollution in Xiangtan city is compound pollution. The main pollutants were fine particles and inhalable particles followed by ozone for eight hours nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. The pollution characteristics of air quality reached the standard rate of 54. No 2 in the whole year were as follows: at the monitoring station. The annual mean values of the four monitoring sites of HKUST, Yuetang and Zhaoshan are all in excess of the standard, the maximum appears in the Yuetang, and the minimum appears in the Pantang. The concentration is higher in winter and lower in summer. The mean value of the week showed a multi-peak pattern, and the peak value appeared on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. The daily mean value is the most serious in Yuetang, followed by Zhaoshan, Bantang, the foothills of the river, HKUST and the monitoring station; The mean value of the hour showed a bimodal variation, reaching its peak at 9:00 and 22:00 in the morning, and the lowest at 15:00 in the afternoon. The concentration of no _ 2 was constantly changing with the wind direction. The concentration of no _ 2 was the highest in the northeast wind, followed by the east and northeast winds, and the concentration of no _ 2 was generally lower in the southerly wind. In addition, the concentration of NO2 decreased with the increase of the wind grade. In 2013, the total emission of nitrogen oxides from air pollution sources in Xiangtan was 43144.26 tons. Among them, the contribution of industrial pollution sources to NOx emission was the largest, 84.70, followed by main road motor vehicle pollution sources, small street motor vehicle pollution sources, and non-key industrial pollution sources. 2.30% and 1.86%, respectively, and the proportion of pollution sources in cities and towns was the least, which was 0.72% and 0.72%, respectively. The simulation results of CALPUFF model show that the concentration of NO2 is mainly in the northeast direction of the area, including Yuetang, monitoring station, around Zhaoshan and along the Beijing-Zhuhai high speed. The high concentration of NO2 is the most concentrated area along the Beijing-Zhuhai high speed. The low concentration of NO2 is mainly distributed in the old urban area of Hexi and the marginal area of the simulation area. The main contribution of NO2 concentration in the simulated area is the motor vehicle pollution source of the main road. The high values are mainly located along the Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway and the Hu-Kun Expressway in the east of the simulated region.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X511

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