發(fā)布時間：2018-01-20 14:44

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 多效蒸發(fā) 熱力分析 優(yōu)化設(shè)計 油田污水 性能實驗　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前絕大多數(shù)油田采用熱力采油工藝,這就造成在原油開采過程中會產(chǎn)生大量的油田污水,而且一般具有成分復(fù)雜、礦化度高等特點。若僅僅采用外排、回注對其處理,不僅會造成水資源的大量浪費,而且將污染環(huán)境,因此如何對油田污水進行深度凈化處理,使其能夠回用于熱采鍋爐用水,將對采油工業(yè)產(chǎn)生巨大的經(jīng)濟效應(yīng)和環(huán)保效應(yīng)。本文針對深度凈化處理工藝,研究了采用多效蒸發(fā)(Multiple Effect Evaporation, MEE)進行油田污水深度處理的技術(shù)可能性,從理論模擬和實驗兩方面對多效蒸發(fā)工藝進行了細致的研究,其中主要工作有：(1)建立了不同進料模式下MEE的Aspen Plus模型,并對其進行了熱力分析,比較了不同系統(tǒng)的操作性能,重點探討了蒸汽噴射器(Thermo Vapor Compressor, TVC)對MEE-TVC系統(tǒng)的影響規(guī)律及其原因。結(jié)果表明：①MEE與TVC耦合能顯著提高MEE系統(tǒng)的操作性能；②對于MEE-TVC系統(tǒng),存在一個最佳引射位置,合理安排TVC的引射位置,能夠顯著提高系統(tǒng)的操作性能；③TVC工作蒸汽壓力的升高能提高MEE-TVC系統(tǒng)的性能,但其效果隨著工作蒸汽壓力升高而減小,因此對于MEE-TVC系統(tǒng)工作蒸汽壓力不宜過高；④TVC混合蒸汽壓力對MEE-TVC系統(tǒng)的影響比工作蒸汽壓力的影響要顯著得多,降低其混合蒸汽壓力能夠從多方面顯著提高MEE-TVC系統(tǒng)的性能。(2)針對工程中廣泛應(yīng)用的并流MEE-TVC系統(tǒng),建立了MEE-TVC耦合系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計模型,引入TVC位置變量,進一步研究了TVC引射位置對MEE-TVC操作性能的影響,將TVC操作參數(shù)和MEE系統(tǒng)各效操作參數(shù)統(tǒng)一作為集成決策變量,對系統(tǒng)的最優(yōu)操作工況、TVC設(shè)計參數(shù)和TVC引射位置進行了綜合優(yōu)化設(shè)計與分析。優(yōu)化模型能夠同時滿足等溫差法和等面積法設(shè)計的要求,減少了重新建模的麻煩,并對這兩種情況進行了比較,確定了TVC最優(yōu)引射位置。(3)分別采用NaCl鹽溶液、油田污水鹽溶液對多效蒸發(fā)系統(tǒng)進行了系統(tǒng)性實驗,主要探討了進料流量以及濃度對系統(tǒng)各效操作狀態(tài)和熱力性能的影響規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明：進料流量對系統(tǒng)的操作狀態(tài)影響顯著,進料流量不同各效真空度也不同,進料流量和蒸汽流量存在匹配關(guān)系,當兩者流量匹配最佳時,系統(tǒng)的造水比最大。通過對產(chǎn)品水質(zhì)的分析,表明產(chǎn)品水質(zhì)能夠達到鍋爐給水的水質(zhì)要求,表明了多效蒸發(fā)系統(tǒng)用于污水深度凈化的可行性。此外對改造后實驗系統(tǒng)建立了各效操作狀態(tài)的預(yù)測模型,通過與實驗的對比證明了該數(shù)學(xué)模型的可靠性,為實驗過程的動態(tài)優(yōu)化調(diào)整給出方向,起到了指導(dǎo)作用。
[Abstract]:At present, most oilfields adopt thermal oil recovery technology, which will result in a large number of oilfield sewage in the crude oil production process, and generally have the characteristics of complex components, high salinity and so on. Reinjection will not only cause a large amount of waste of water resources, but also pollute the environment, so how to treat oilfield sewage deeply so that it can be reused in hot recovery boiler water. It will have huge economic and environmental effects on the oil recovery industry. This paper aims at the advanced purification process. The technical possibility of advanced treatment of oilfield wastewater using multiple Effect evolution (Mee) was studied. In this paper, the multi-effect evaporation process is studied from the aspects of theoretical simulation and experiment. The main work is to establish the Aspen Plus model of MEE under different feed modes. The thermodynamic analysis was carried out, the operation performance of different systems was compared, and the steam ejector Thermo Vapor Compressor was discussed emphatically. The effect of TVC on MEE-TVC system and its causes are analyzed. The results show that the coupling of TVC and TVC can improve the performance of MEE system. (2) for MEE-TVC system, there is an optimal ejection position, and the operation performance of the system can be improved by arranging the ejection position of TVC reasonably. 3The performance of MEE-TVC system can be improved by increasing the working steam pressure, but the effect decreases with the increase of the working steam pressure. Therefore, the working steam pressure of MEE-TVC system should not be too high. 4the influence of mixed steam pressure of TVC on MEE-TVC system is much more significant than that of working steam pressure. Lowering the mixed steam pressure can significantly improve the performance of MEE-TVC system in many ways) and aim at the concurrent flow MEE-TVC system which is widely used in engineering. The optimal design model of MEE-TVC coupling system is established and the influence of TVC ejection position on the performance of MEE-TVC is further studied by introducing the TVC position variable. The TVC operating parameters and the MEE operating parameters are taken as the integrated decision variables, and the optimal operating conditions of the system are obtained. The design parameters of TVC and the ejection position of TVC are comprehensively optimized and analyzed. The optimization model can meet the requirements of the isothermal difference method and the equal area method at the same time, thus reducing the trouble of remodeling. By comparing the two conditions, the optimal injection position of TVC is determined. The NaCl salt solution and the oilfield sewage salt solution are used to carry out systematic experiments on the multi-effect evaporation system. The effect of feed flow rate and concentration on the operating state and thermal performance of the system is mainly discussed. The results show that the feed flow rate has a significant effect on the operating state of the system, and the vacuum degree of the different feed flow rate is also different. There is a matching relationship between feed flow and steam flow. When the two flows match best, the water ratio of the system is the largest. Through the analysis of the product water quality, it shows that the water quality of the product can meet the water quality requirements of boiler feed water. The feasibility of the multi-effect evaporation system for the deep purification of sewage is demonstrated. In addition, the prediction model of the operation state of each effect is established for the modified experimental system, and the reliability of the mathematical model is proved by comparison with the experiment. It provides the direction for the dynamic optimization adjustment of the experiment process and plays a guiding role.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X741

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