本文關(guān)鍵詞： 環(huán)境分權(quán) 市場分割 碳排放 互補(bǔ)效應(yīng)　出處：《中國人口·資源與環(huán)境》2016年06期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：中國有著龐大的環(huán)境管理隊(duì)伍以及巨大的國內(nèi)市場,科學(xué)的環(huán)境管理制度以及高度一體化的國內(nèi)市場將深刻改變碳排放格局,然而,已有研究對(duì)于這些影響碳排放的體制性因素既缺乏足夠的理論分析也缺乏實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)。有鑒于此,本文首先分析了環(huán)境分權(quán)和市場分割影響碳排放的理論機(jī)理,并提出了三個(gè)理論假設(shè),進(jìn)一步地,本文以環(huán)境管理人員在不同層級(jí)政府的配置衡量環(huán)境分權(quán)度,以相對(duì)價(jià)格法衡量市場分割程度,基于1995-2012年的省際面板數(shù)據(jù),從實(shí)證層面檢驗(yàn)了環(huán)境分權(quán)和市場分割對(duì)碳排放的影響效應(yīng)。結(jié)果顯示:環(huán)境分權(quán)和市場分割都顯著地加劇了碳排放,原因在于分權(quán)的環(huán)境管理體制安排扭曲了激勵(lì),無法對(duì)碳排放形成真實(shí)有效的約束,而市場分割則惡化了碳排放在區(qū)域間的配置效率。同時(shí),環(huán)境分權(quán)與市場分割對(duì)碳排放的共同影響作用上存在互補(bǔ)效應(yīng),即環(huán)境分權(quán)程度越高,市場分割對(duì)碳排放的負(fù)面影響效應(yīng)越大,反之,市場分割程度越高,環(huán)境分權(quán)對(duì)碳排放的負(fù)面影響效應(yīng)也越大。這主要是由于環(huán)境分權(quán)與市場分割是地方政府一對(duì)互補(bǔ)的策略行為,在環(huán)境分權(quán)較高的地區(qū),地方政府進(jìn)行市場分割的能力越強(qiáng),而在市場分割較高的地區(qū),地方政府爭取環(huán)境事務(wù)管理權(quán)的動(dòng)力越強(qiáng)。因此,在既定的碳排放約束下,中央政府一方面需要適度集中環(huán)境事務(wù)管理權(quán)限,進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化環(huán)境事務(wù)管理機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置以及人員隊(duì)伍在不同層級(jí)政府間的配置,提高對(duì)碳排放的管控效率,另一方面需要打通省際壁壘,加快區(qū)域市場一體化建設(shè),優(yōu)化碳排放的區(qū)域配置,提高碳排放效率。
[Abstract]:China has a huge environmental management team and a huge domestic market. A scientific environmental management system and a highly integrated domestic market will profoundly change the pattern of carbon emissions, however. There is a lack of sufficient theoretical analysis and empirical test for these institutional factors that affect carbon emissions. In view of this, this paper first analyzes the theoretical mechanism of environmental decentralization and market segmentation affecting carbon emissions. And put forward three theoretical assumptions. Further, this paper measures the degree of environmental decentralization by the allocation of environmental managers in different levels of government, and measures the degree of market segmentation by the relative price method. Based on provincial panel data from 1995 to 2012. The effects of environmental decentralization and market segmentation on carbon emissions are tested from the empirical level. The results show that both environmental decentralization and market segmentation significantly increase carbon emissions. The reason is that decentralized environmental management institutional arrangements distort incentives to form a true and effective constraint on carbon emissions, while market segmentation worsens the efficiency of carbon emissions allocation across regions. Environmental decentralization and market segmentation have complementary effects on carbon emissions, that is, the higher the degree of environmental decentralization, the greater the negative impact of market segmentation on carbon emissions, whereas, the higher the market segmentation. The negative effects of environmental decentralization on carbon emissions are also greater, which is mainly due to the fact that environmental decentralization and market segmentation are two complementary strategic behaviors of local governments, and in areas with high environmental decentralization. The stronger the ability of local government to segment the market, and the stronger the power of local government to fight for the right of environmental affairs management in the area of higher market segmentation. Therefore, under the established carbon emission constraints. On the one hand, the central government needs to appropriately centralize the authority of environmental affairs management, further optimize the setting of environmental affairs management agencies and the allocation of personnel in different levels of government, improve the efficiency of carbon emissions control. On the other hand, it is necessary to break through interprovincial barriers, accelerate the construction of regional market integration, optimize the regional allocation of carbon emissions, and improve the efficiency of carbon emissions.
【作者單位】： 重慶大學(xué)公共管理學(xué)院;重慶師范大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)與管理學(xué)院;
【基金】：中國博士后科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目“碳減排與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的最優(yōu)耦合測度及差別化減排方案設(shè)計(jì)”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):2012M511898) 重慶市人民政府發(fā)展研究中心項(xiàng)目“聯(lián)動(dòng)治理農(nóng)村面源污染推進(jìn)美麗鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)的對(duì)策研究”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):2014-ZB-11)
【分類號(hào)】：X321
【正文快照】： 碳排放作為環(huán)境污染的重要組成部分之一,產(chǎn)生的溫室效應(yīng)所誘發(fā)的全球氣候變暖問題受到國內(nèi)外學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注。減少溫室氣體排放,實(shí)現(xiàn)低碳式經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展已成為各國政府應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的重要舉措[1]。中國向世界承諾在2020年單位GDP的CO2排放量將比2005年下降40%-45%,并作為約束性指

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