【摘要】：隨著空間技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,對飛行器的應(yīng)用趨于多元化和普遍化。從國防和研究等諸多角度考慮,對目標(biāo)飛行器的跟蹤與信息截獲變得越來越重要。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)對目標(biāo)飛行器的跟蹤和信息截獲,首先需要設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)滿足指標(biāo)要求的跟蹤天線。本文的工作主要就集中在跟蹤天線的研究和設(shè)計(jì)上,主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面:第一,根據(jù)跟蹤距離、應(yīng)用環(huán)境、極化方式等指標(biāo)的要求,設(shè)計(jì)大口徑反射面天線來實(shí)現(xiàn)對目標(biāo)的跟蹤和信息截獲。使用HFSS仿真軟件進(jìn)行饋源仿真分析,然后通過編程計(jì)算和FEKO仿真兩種方式計(jì)算次級(jí)方向圖,并對兩種方法進(jìn)行了對比分析,解決了電大反射面天線的分析計(jì)算問題。結(jié)果表明,兩種方法的計(jì)算結(jié)果比較吻合。第二,為了解決跟蹤天線的寬頻帶問題,使用八個(gè)對數(shù)周期單元天線組成圓環(huán)陣作為反射面天線的饋源。為了減輕饋源重量、降低支撐桿的負(fù)荷,對對數(shù)周期天線基于印制板進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。通過編程對LPDA天線的相位中心分布問題作了詳細(xì)研究。并采用電磁仿真軟件設(shè)計(jì)了滿足指標(biāo)要求的印刷對數(shù)周期偶極天線,詳細(xì)分析了各個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對其輻射特性的影響。LPDA天線單元的實(shí)測表明,設(shè)計(jì)帶寬滿足指標(biāo)要求。第三,對結(jié)構(gòu)和饋電幅相進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),從而實(shí)現(xiàn)線極化比幅跟蹤、左旋圓極化接收、右旋圓極化接收三種工作方式。對饋電幅相進(jìn)行容差分析,對于波束合成網(wǎng)絡(luò)和移相器的指標(biāo)分配具有指導(dǎo)意義。第四,為了實(shí)現(xiàn)在寬頻帶內(nèi)的穩(wěn)定工作,尤其是要保證交叉波束的交叉電平穩(wěn)定在-3dB~-8dB之間,本文詳細(xì)研究了饋源偏焦對次級(jí)方向圖的影響,并結(jié)合LPDA天線相位中心分布規(guī)律實(shí)現(xiàn)了具有穩(wěn)定交叉電平的比幅跟蹤波束。第五,為了解決實(shí)際測試中暴露的饋電結(jié)構(gòu)對輻射特性影響較大的問題,本文研究了幾種常見的饋電結(jié)構(gòu),并提出了一種打孔饋電的方式,從而解決了饋電結(jié)構(gòu)對天線輻射性能的影響。最后,對本文設(shè)計(jì)的跟蹤天線進(jìn)行加工,并進(jìn)行天線系統(tǒng)測試,解決測試中遇到的問題。實(shí)際測試結(jié)果表明,本文設(shè)計(jì)的跟蹤天線滿足指標(biāo)和實(shí)際使用要求。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of space technology, the application of spacecraft tends to be diversified and generalized. From the perspective of national defense and research, tracking and information interception of target aircraft is becoming more and more important. In order to track and intercept the target aircraft, it is necessary to design a tracking antenna to meet the target requirements. The main work of this paper is focused on the research and design of tracking antenna, including the following aspects: first, according to the requirements of tracking distance, application environment, polarization mode, etc. A large aperture reflector antenna is designed to track and intercept the target. The feed simulation is carried out by using HFSS simulation software, and then the secondary pattern is calculated by programming calculation and FEKO simulation. The two methods are compared and analyzed, and the problem of analysis and calculation of the large reflector antenna is solved. The results show that the calculation results of the two methods are in good agreement. Secondly, in order to solve the broadband problem of the tracking antenna, a circular array of eight logarithmic periodic antennas is used as the feed of the reflector antenna. In order to lighten the feed weight and reduce the load of the supporting rod, the logarithmic periodic antenna is designed based on the printed circuit board (PCB). The phase center distribution of LPDA antenna is studied in detail by programming. The printed logarithmic periodic dipole antenna is designed by using electromagnetic simulation software, and the influence of each structure parameter on its radiation characteristics is analyzed in detail. The measurement of LPDA antenna element shows that the design bandwidth meets the requirement of the index. Thirdly, the structure and the feed amplitude and phase are designed, so that the linear polarization ratio tracking, left-handed circular polarization receiving and right-handed circular polarization receiving are realized. The tolerance analysis of the feed amplitude and phase is of guiding significance for the allocation of the parameters of the beamforming network and the phase shifter. Fourthly, in order to achieve the stability in the broadband, especially to ensure the cross-level of the cross-beam is stable between-3dB~-8dB, this paper studies the influence of the bias of the feed on the secondary pattern in detail. The amplitude-to-amplitude tracking beam with stable cross-level is realized by combining the phase center distribution rule of LPDA antenna. Fifthly, in order to solve the problem that the exposed feed structure has a great influence on the radiation characteristics, this paper studies several common feed structures, and puts forward a way to feed through holes. Thus, the influence of the feed structure on the radiation performance of the antenna is solved. Finally, the tracking antenna designed in this paper is processed, and the antenna system test is carried out to solve the problems encountered in the test. The practical test results show that the tracking antenna designed in this paper meets the requirements of target and practical application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：V556

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