開啟個性送風口下飛機客艙污染物傳播規(guī)律實驗研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-28 13:44
【摘要】：近年來,隨著我國航空業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展,飛機因其快捷、安全受到越來越多旅行者的青睞。據(jù)統(tǒng)計,每年約有10億人選擇乘坐飛機出行,因此建立健康、舒適的客艙環(huán)境不僅是飛機設計單位也是飛機制造商面臨的巨大挑戰(zhàn)。開啟機艙內(nèi)的個性送風口是調(diào)節(jié)乘客周圍局部熱舒適和空氣質(zhì)量的有效途徑。建筑內(nèi)個性通風系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)存在大量研究,然而針對機艙環(huán)境,大部分研究集中于對新型個性送風口的研究,缺少對真實機艙環(huán)境現(xiàn)有的傳統(tǒng)個性送風口的研究。新型個性送風口真正投入應用還有待大量實驗驗證其有效性、經(jīng)濟性。所以,針對于目前機艙內(nèi)使用中的個性送風口仍有待研究。本課題的主要研究內(nèi)容即為真實客機內(nèi)開啟個性送風口工況下機艙內(nèi)污染物傳播規(guī)律的實驗研究。本研究以一架真實的MD-82飛機為實驗平臺,采用地面空調(diào)車(GAC)通過飛機內(nèi)部真實環(huán)控系統(tǒng)(ECS)向機艙內(nèi)部提供調(diào)節(jié)空氣。機艙內(nèi)部共有5列個性送風口,本研究工況中僅打開靠近走廊的2列并關閉余下3列個性送風口。開啟狀態(tài)下的個性送風口的送風角度、流量保持一致。首先,對艙內(nèi)整體送風的流動邊界,機艙內(nèi)壁熱邊界條件進行測量;其次,對個性送風口邊界條件進行深入研究,包括幾何邊界、流動邊界;最后,使用示蹤氣體模擬乘客呼出的污染物(CO2、超細顆粒物等),將污染源分別放置在打開和關閉的個性送風口下,通過測量整艙的示蹤氣體濃度來研究不同工況下污染物的分布特性。本實驗并對實驗數(shù)據(jù)的可靠性進行分析。實驗結(jié)果表明,個性送風風量只占機艙整體送風量的5%,但是由于個性送風口射流斷面面積小,射流風速大,對機艙內(nèi)整體流場影響劇烈。開啟個性送風口后,機艙內(nèi)的縱向氣流明顯增強,從而導致污染物向機艙后部傳播。并且,距離污染源最近的打開的個性送風口卷吸來自污染源附近被污染的空氣,造成污染物隨個性送風射流傳播。同時,向下的個性送風射流會抑制向上的熱羽流,導致污染物向機艙天花板傳播趨勢減弱。通過比較個性送風口關閉和開啟狀態(tài)下乘客呼吸區(qū)處濃度,結(jié)果表明,開啟個性送風之后,在機艙縱向方向上,污染源后排的乘客呼吸區(qū)濃度明顯升高;在機艙橫向方向上,兩列打開的個性送風口可形成“空氣幕”,阻礙污染物傳播,并有效降低污染源在走廊對側(cè)乘客呼吸區(qū)附近污染物濃度。為保證測量結(jié)果的準確性,本課題對實驗誤差進行研究。產(chǎn)生誤差的主要因素為定位誤差以及熱邊界變化所產(chǎn)生的系統(tǒng)誤差,并分別對這兩種誤差進行實驗研究。實驗結(jié)果表明,定位誤差所造成的測量誤差低于10%,熱邊界變化所產(chǎn)生的系統(tǒng)誤差是測量誤差的主要來源。熱邊界溫度升高,機艙內(nèi)自然對流增強,導致機艙內(nèi)濃度分布發(fā)生變化。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of China's aviation industry, aircraft is favored by more and more travelers for its fast and safe. According to statistics, about 1 billion people choose to travel by plane each year, so building a healthy and comfortable cabin environment is not only a great challenge for aircraft designers but also for aircraft manufacturers. Opening the air outlet in the cabin is an effective way to regulate the local thermal comfort and air quality around the passengers. There have been a lot of researches on the individual ventilation system in the building. However, for the engine room environment, most of the studies are focused on the study of the new type of individual air vents and the lack of research on the existing traditional individual air vents in the real cabin environment. A large number of experiments have yet to be carried out to verify the effectiveness and economy of the new type of air outlet. Therefore, for the current engine room in the use of individual air vents still need to be studied. The main research content of this paper is an experimental study on the propagation of pollutants in the cabin of a real airliner under the operating condition of opening individual air vents. In this study, a real MD-82 aircraft was used as the experimental platform. The ground air conditioning vehicle (GAC) was used to provide air conditioning to the engine room through the internal real environmental control system (ECS). There are five individual air vents in the engine room. In this study, only two columns close to the corridor were opened and the remaining three individual air vents were closed. In the open state, the supply angle and flow rate of the individual air outlet remain the same. Firstly, the flow boundary of the whole air supply in the cabin and the thermal boundary condition of the interior wall of the cabin are measured, secondly, the boundary conditions of the individual air outlet, including the geometric boundary and the flow boundary, are studied in depth. Finally, a tracer gas is used to simulate the pollutants emitted by passengers (CO2, ultrafine particles, etc.), and the pollution sources are placed under the individual air vents that are opened and closed, respectively. The distribution characteristics of pollutants in different working conditions were studied by measuring the tracer gas concentration in the whole chamber. In this experiment, the reliability of the experimental data is analyzed. The experimental results show that the individual air supply volume only accounts for 5% of the total air supply volume in the engine room. However, due to the small cross-section area of the jet and the large wind speed of the jet at the individual air outlet, the influence on the overall flow field in the cabin is severe. When the air outlet is opened, the longitudinal air flow in the engine room increases obviously, which causes the pollutant to propagate to the rear of the cabin. Moreover, the opening of the air outlet nearest to the pollution source draws in the polluted air near the source, causing the pollutant to propagate with the individual air jet. At the same time, the downward individual air jet will suppress the upward thermal plume, resulting in the pollutant propagation to the engine room ceiling weakened. The results show that the concentration of passenger breathing area in the rear row of the pollution source increases obviously in the longitudinal direction of the engine room after the individual air outlet is turned on and the concentration of the passenger breathing area is compared under the condition of closing and opening of the air outlet. In the horizontal direction of the engine room, two open individual air vents can form "air curtain", hinder the spread of pollutants, and effectively reduce the pollutant concentration near the passenger breathing area on the opposite side of the corridor. In order to ensure the accuracy of the measurement results, the experiment error is studied in this paper. The main factors causing the errors are the systematic errors caused by the change of the thermal boundary and the positioning errors, and the two errors are studied experimentally. The experimental results show that the measurement error caused by positioning error is less than 10%, and the systematic error caused by thermal boundary change is the main source of measurement error. The increase of the thermal boundary temperature and the enhancement of the natural convection in the cabin result in the change of the concentration distribution in the cabin.
【學位授予單位】：天津大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：V223.2
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of China's aviation industry, aircraft is favored by more and more travelers for its fast and safe. According to statistics, about 1 billion people choose to travel by plane each year, so building a healthy and comfortable cabin environment is not only a great challenge for aircraft designers but also for aircraft manufacturers. Opening the air outlet in the cabin is an effective way to regulate the local thermal comfort and air quality around the passengers. There have been a lot of researches on the individual ventilation system in the building. However, for the engine room environment, most of the studies are focused on the study of the new type of individual air vents and the lack of research on the existing traditional individual air vents in the real cabin environment. A large number of experiments have yet to be carried out to verify the effectiveness and economy of the new type of air outlet. Therefore, for the current engine room in the use of individual air vents still need to be studied. The main research content of this paper is an experimental study on the propagation of pollutants in the cabin of a real airliner under the operating condition of opening individual air vents. In this study, a real MD-82 aircraft was used as the experimental platform. The ground air conditioning vehicle (GAC) was used to provide air conditioning to the engine room through the internal real environmental control system (ECS). There are five individual air vents in the engine room. In this study, only two columns close to the corridor were opened and the remaining three individual air vents were closed. In the open state, the supply angle and flow rate of the individual air outlet remain the same. Firstly, the flow boundary of the whole air supply in the cabin and the thermal boundary condition of the interior wall of the cabin are measured, secondly, the boundary conditions of the individual air outlet, including the geometric boundary and the flow boundary, are studied in depth. Finally, a tracer gas is used to simulate the pollutants emitted by passengers (CO2, ultrafine particles, etc.), and the pollution sources are placed under the individual air vents that are opened and closed, respectively. The distribution characteristics of pollutants in different working conditions were studied by measuring the tracer gas concentration in the whole chamber. In this experiment, the reliability of the experimental data is analyzed. The experimental results show that the individual air supply volume only accounts for 5% of the total air supply volume in the engine room. However, due to the small cross-section area of the jet and the large wind speed of the jet at the individual air outlet, the influence on the overall flow field in the cabin is severe. When the air outlet is opened, the longitudinal air flow in the engine room increases obviously, which causes the pollutant to propagate to the rear of the cabin. Moreover, the opening of the air outlet nearest to the pollution source draws in the polluted air near the source, causing the pollutant to propagate with the individual air jet. At the same time, the downward individual air jet will suppress the upward thermal plume, resulting in the pollutant propagation to the engine room ceiling weakened. The results show that the concentration of passenger breathing area in the rear row of the pollution source increases obviously in the longitudinal direction of the engine room after the individual air outlet is turned on and the concentration of the passenger breathing area is compared under the condition of closing and opening of the air outlet. In the horizontal direction of the engine room, two open individual air vents can form "air curtain", hinder the spread of pollutants, and effectively reduce the pollutant concentration near the passenger breathing area on the opposite side of the corridor. In order to ensure the accuracy of the measurement results, the experiment error is studied in this paper. The main factors causing the errors are the systematic errors caused by the change of the thermal boundary and the positioning errors, and the two errors are studied experimentally. The experimental results show that the measurement error caused by positioning error is less than 10%, and the systematic error caused by thermal boundary change is the main source of measurement error. The increase of the thermal boundary temperature and the enhancement of the natural convection in the cabin result in the change of the concentration distribution in the cabin.
【學位授予單位】：天津大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：V223.2
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