【摘要】：本文以非火工品在航天器和水下航行器中有效載荷的分離應(yīng)用為背景，利用形狀記憶合金（Shape MemoryAlloy，SMA）的形狀記憶效應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)了一種低沖擊、低噪聲、大承載和快響應(yīng)的SMA連接分離裝置，并通過理論、試驗(yàn)、仿真等研究手段展開工作。主要完成了以下內(nèi)容： （1）針對國內(nèi)外幾種典型的SMA連接分離裝置分離過程進(jìn)行分析，總結(jié)了SMA連接分離裝置中SMA的驅(qū)動原理。結(jié)合SMA本構(gòu)模型，建立了SMA驅(qū)動模型和電熱模型，并用MATLAB模擬SMA電加熱時(shí)間-溫度曲線，分析了SMA絲材直徑、加熱電流及SMA絲的對流傳熱系數(shù)對SMA絲通電加熱速度的影響。 （2）通過SMA絲的恢復(fù)性能進(jìn)行測試，包括相變溫度、恢復(fù)率、最大恢復(fù)力及負(fù)載響應(yīng)，分析了預(yù)應(yīng)變、通電電流及恒定負(fù)載對SMA絲恢復(fù)性能的影響，為SMA絲連接分離裝置的設(shè)計(jì)提供指導(dǎo)。 （3）采用SMA絲和分離螺母結(jié)合的方式進(jìn)行連接分離裝置的設(shè)計(jì)，并通過對SMA絲觸發(fā)方式的優(yōu)化，減小SMA絲所需觸發(fā)力，設(shè)計(jì)一種可在20kN的預(yù)加載荷下，實(shí)現(xiàn)200ms內(nèi)分離的連接分離裝置。并通過對分瓣螺母及鎖定組件的受力分析，確定了分瓣螺母、驅(qū)動彈簧、安全彈簧、釋放彈簧及SMA絲的基本性能參數(shù)。 (4)采用LS-DYNA有限元分析軟件對SMA連接分離裝置進(jìn)行數(shù)值仿真，驗(yàn)證了本文提出的SMA連接分離裝置設(shè)計(jì)原理的可行。對于連接該分離裝置，在通電電流為8A，預(yù)緊力為20kN時(shí)，數(shù)值模擬得出的其分離時(shí)間為87.12ms。
[Abstract]:In this paper, based on the separation of payloads between spacecraft and underwater vehicle by using the shape memory effect of shape memory alloy (Shape MemoryAlloy,SMA), a low impact, low noise, large load and fast response SMA connection separation device is designed. And through the theoretical, experimental, simulation and other research means to begin the work. The main contents are as follows: (1) the separation process of several typical SMA connection separators at home and abroad is analyzed and the driving principle of SMA in SMA connection separation device is summarized. Combined with the SMA constitutive model, the SMA driving model and the electrothermal model were established, and the SMA wire diameter was analyzed by using MATLAB to simulate the time-temperature curve of SMA electric heating. Effect of heating current and convection heat transfer coefficient of SMA wire on heating speed of SMA wire. (2) the recovery performance of SMA wire is tested, including phase transition temperature, recovery rate, maximum recovery force and load response. The influence of electric current and constant load on the recovery performance of SMA wire provides guidance for the design of SMA wire connection separation device. (3) the connection separation device is designed by the combination of SMA wire and separation nut. By optimizing the trigger mode of SMA wire and reducing the trigger force required by SMA wire, a kind of connection separation device which can be separated in 200ms under the preloading of 20kN is designed. Through the force analysis of the split nut and the locking assembly, the split nut, the drive spring and the safety spring are determined. Release the basic performance parameters of spring and SMA wire. (4) LS-DYNA finite element analysis software is used to simulate the SMA connection separation device, which verifies the feasibility of the design principle of the SMA connection separation device proposed in this paper. When the current is 8A and the preloading force is 20kN, the separation time obtained by numerical simulation is 87.12ms.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：V444

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