【摘要】：計算機輔助公差設(shè)計(Computer Aided Tolerancing,CAT)是產(chǎn)品生命周期中的重要環(huán)節(jié),它不僅有利于產(chǎn)品開發(fā)中數(shù)據(jù)的共享與交換,同時對產(chǎn)品的精度、質(zhì)量以及成本控制提供了系統(tǒng)全面的方法。自70年代提出并發(fā)展以來,CAT技術(shù)已經(jīng)取得了相當多的理論和應(yīng)用成果,但是,與其它的計算機輔助技術(shù)相比,CAT技術(shù)的發(fā)展遠落后于CAD、CAM等技術(shù)的發(fā)展,已成為制約CAD/CAM集成的瓶頸之一;因此,亟需發(fā)展CAT技術(shù)以幫助實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品生命周期的集成化開發(fā)與管理。在CAT研究中,不僅要考慮規(guī)則形狀特征的公差,同時要考慮不規(guī)則形狀特征的公差;曲線(面)特征作為一類不規(guī)則形狀的特征,廣泛存在于機械產(chǎn)品中,即便是簡單的機械產(chǎn)品可能都存在這一類特征。但是,目前關(guān)于曲線(面)特征的CAT研究還比較少,需要進一步的發(fā)展。在CAT研究中,以自由度為基礎(chǔ)發(fā)展起來的模型是一類廣泛使用的模型并且是當前的研究熱點,這主要得益于這一類模型具有以下諸多優(yōu)點:(1)支持非常多的幾何特征和公差類型,(2)支持標準中很多的公差語義信息和規(guī)則,(3)支持面向整體公差域的三維公差分析與驗證,(4)支持公差信息的自動化與智能化推理,(5)有利于CAT各技術(shù)之間的信息共享與集成;同時它適用于飛機這一類產(chǎn)品的數(shù)字化裝配協(xié)調(diào)性的要求。因此,本文以自由度為基礎(chǔ),展開了飛機曲線(面)特征輪廓度公差的建模與分析的研究,旨在為飛機曲線(面)特征的CAT設(shè)計提供普適性的解決方案,促進CAD/CAM的集成,以幫助實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品生命周期的集成化開發(fā)與管理。全文主要研究內(nèi)容及成果如下:1)分析了使用自由度表示曲線(面)輪廓度公差的可行性。針對不規(guī)則形狀特征與規(guī)則形狀特征的差異性,分析了使用自由度表示曲線(面)輪廓度公差時存在的問題(自由度的第一類和第二類問題);針對自由度的第一類和第二類問題,使用近似法給出了相應(yīng)的解決方法,并將問題量化表示為誤差的判斷,由此得到自由度的第一類和第二類誤差(亦稱作Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型誤差)。因此,通過判斷是否可以忽略Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型誤差即可以斷定自由度是否可以表示曲線(面)特征的輪廓度公差。2)提出了曲線(面)輪廓度公差的建模與分析的ASDOF(Assessment,Split,and Degrees of Freedom)方法,它由兩部分組成:曲線(面)特征的公差建模和曲線(面)特征的公差分析;其中前者又包括自由度變動的判定、曲線(面)特征的分割以及輪廓度公差的自由度參數(shù)提取和表示三個部分內(nèi)容;自由度變動的判定和曲線(面)特征的分割這兩個部分內(nèi)容用于消除Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型誤差;輪廓度公差的自由度參數(shù)提取和表示這一部分內(nèi)容用于建立自由度參數(shù)的取值區(qū)間及其相互約束的表達式;曲線(面)特征的公差分析這一部分內(nèi)容主要是構(gòu)建曲線(面)特征的裝配累積關(guān)系以及完成相應(yīng)的公差分析。3)提出了Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型誤差的判定方法,并歸結(jié)為兩個判定算法;第一個算法用于判定Ⅰ型誤差,第二個算法用于判定Ⅱ型誤差,在兩個算法的幫助下,即可以判斷是否可以忽略Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型誤差;算法在實施過程中將問題簡化為計算誤差的最大值,避免了判斷所有點處的誤差而導(dǎo)致的無窮次判定,算法使用到的理論包括:旋轉(zhuǎn)變換、參數(shù)替換、區(qū)域原則、最值法、遺傳算法等。4)提出了曲線(面)特征的分割方法,并歸結(jié)為分割算法;針對不能夠忽略Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型誤差的曲線(面)特征,分割算法對曲線(面)特征進行分割以使分割得到的子曲線(面)特征可以忽略以上兩類誤差;該算法將問題簡化為計算曲線(面)特征的最大曲率點,并使用遞歸原理完成整個過程,具有快速收斂和自適應(yīng)的優(yōu)點。5)在以上判定與分割算法的基礎(chǔ)上,完成了曲線(面)輪廓度公差的自由度參數(shù)提取和表示以及相應(yīng)的裝配公差分析;首先根據(jù)曲線(面)特征的幾何尺寸、公差值大小、公差域邊界的限制條件提取并計算變動度的取值范圍以及它們之間的相互約束關(guān)系式;然后使用齊次坐標變換建立曲線(面)特征的裝配累積關(guān)系,最后使用蒙特卡羅法實現(xiàn)了對曲線(面)特征的裝配公差分析。全文以某型飛機的叉耳組件為例驗證了所提方法的正確性和可靠性。本文圍繞著飛機曲線(面)特征所開展的公差建模與分析的研究為CAT的整體研究提供了豐富的基礎(chǔ)素材,具有重要的理論指導(dǎo)意義和工程實踐價值。
[Abstract]:Computer Aided Tolerancing (CAT) is an important link in product life cycle. It not only helps to share and exchange data in product development, but also provides a systematic and comprehensive method for product precision, quality and cost control. Since it was put forward and developed in 70s, CAT technology has been obtained Compared with other computer aided technology, the development of CAT technology is far behind CAD and the development of CAM technology, which has become one of the bottlenecks that restrict the integration of CAD/CAM. Therefore, it is urgent to develop CAT technology to help realize the integrated development and management of product life cycle. In CAT research, not only should be considered. The tolerance of regular shape features, while taking into account the tolerance of irregular shape features; the characteristic of a curve (surface) as a type of irregular shape, is widely used in mechanical products, even simple mechanical products may have such characteristics. However, there are few CAT studies on the characteristics of the curve (surface), which need further study. Development. In the CAT study, the model developed on the basis of freedom is a widely used model and is the current research hotspot, which is mainly due to the following advantages: (1) support very many geometric features and tolerance types, (2) many tolerance semantic information and rules in the support standard, (3) support The 3D tolerance analysis and verification for the whole tolerance domain, (4) support the automation and intelligent reasoning of tolerance information, (5) it is beneficial to the information sharing and integration between CAT technologies. At the same time, it is suitable for the requirements of the digital assembly coordination of aircraft products. Therefore, this paper is based on the degree of freedom and expands the plane curve (surface). The research of modeling and analysis of the geometric tolerance is aimed at providing a universal solution for the CAT design of plane curve (surface) features, promoting the integration of CAD/CAM and helping to realize the integrated development and management of the product life cycle. The main contents and achievements of the full text are as follows: 1) analysis of the use of freedom to express the contour of the curve (surface). The feasibility of tolerance. In view of the difference between irregular shape features and regular shape features, the problems (first class and second types of degrees of freedom) are analyzed by using the degree of freedom to express the profile degree tolerance of the curve (surface). The corresponding solutions are given by using the approximate method for the first and the second classes of freedom degree. The first and second types of error (also called type I and type II errors) of the degree of freedom are obtained. Therefore, by judging whether the type I and type II errors can be ignored, the profile tolerance.2 of the curve (surface) can be determined whether the degree of freedom can be expressed as a curve (surface).) the building of the curve (surface) profile tolerance is proposed. ASDOF (Assessment, Split, and Degrees of Freedom) method of model and analysis, which consists of two parts: tolerance modeling of curve (surface) features and tolerance analysis of curve (surface) features; the former includes the determination of the variation of degree of freedom, the cutting of the characteristic of the curve (surface), and the extraction and representation of the degree of freedom parameter of the profile degree tolerance. The two parts of the determination of the variation of the degree of freedom and the segmentation of the characteristic of the curve (surface) are used to eliminate the type I and type II errors; the degree of freedom parameters of the contour tolerance are extracted and expressed in the expression of the value interval of the degree of freedom parameters and the expression of their mutual constraints; the tolerance analysis of the curve (surface) features is within the part of the tolerance analysis. The capacity is mainly the assembly accumulation relation of constructing curve (surface) features and the completion of corresponding tolerance analysis.3). The determination method of type I and type II error is proposed, and it is summed up as two decision algorithms. The first algorithm is used to determine the type I error, and the second algorithm is used to determine the type II error. With the help of the two algorithms, it can judge whether or not. The error of type I and type II can be ignored; the algorithm simplifies the problem to the maximum of the calculation error in the implementation process and avoids the infinity judgment caused by the error at all points. The algorithm used in the algorithm includes the rotation transformation, the parameter replacement, the regional principle, the maximum value method, the genetic algorithm and the like.4). For the curve (surface) feature that can not ignore type I and type II errors, the segmentation algorithm divides the curve (surface) features to make the segmented subcurve (surface) features overlook the above two types of error; the algorithm simplifies the problem as the maximum curvature point of calculating the curve (surface) features and uses the recursive original. On the basis of the above decision and segmentation algorithm, the degree of freedom parameters of the curve (surface) profile tolerance is extracted and expressed and the corresponding assembly tolerance analysis is completed on the basis of the above decision and segmentation algorithm. First, the geometric size of the curve (surface), the size of tolerance, and the limit of the boundary of tolerance domain are based on the curve (surface) characteristics. It extracts and calculates the range of variation and the mutual constraint relation between them, and then uses the homogeneous coordinate transformation to establish the assembly accumulation relation of the characteristic of the curve (surface). Finally, the assembly tolerance analysis of the curve (surface) characteristics is realized by Monte Carlo method. The whole text is taken as an example of the fork ear component of a certain type of aircraft to verify the proposed side The correctness and reliability of the method. The study of tolerance modeling and analysis around the characteristics of plane curve (surface) provides a rich basic material for the overall study of CAT, which has important theoretical guiding significance and practical value of engineering practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：V221

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