發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-14 00:43

  本文選題：電磁縱走式焦平面快門 + 曝光時(shí)間��； 參考：《長(zhǎng)春理工大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：航空相機(jī)快門作為控制成像曝光時(shí)間的主要部件,是決定成像質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵要素,在航空成像需求的牽引下發(fā)展日益成熟,隨著相機(jī)成像器件的不同要求,形成了多種快門技術(shù)。我國由于發(fā)展起步較晚,與國外相比還有較大差距,尤其表現(xiàn)在面陣CCD相機(jī)對(duì)焦平面快門的需求,實(shí)際上,焦平面快門已經(jīng)成為制約面陣CCD相機(jī)發(fā)展的瓶頸。根據(jù)快門在相機(jī)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)中安裝位置和運(yùn)動(dòng)特點(diǎn)不同可分為物鏡快門和焦平面快門兩類。本文針對(duì)某面陣CCD航空相機(jī)技術(shù)指標(biāo)要求,研制一種電磁縱走式焦平面快門,解決了大面陣CCD航空相機(jī)高頻大幅面快門難題,快門頻率達(dá)到每秒3幀,快門最短曝光時(shí)間1/500秒,曝光均勻性優(yōu)于10%。該快門具有體積小、幅面寬(48mm×36mm)、頻率高、壽命長(zhǎng)等特點(diǎn),且具備自動(dòng)上緊、自動(dòng)釋放、自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)曝光時(shí)間等功能,該快門主要由前簾、后簾兩組葉片組成,每組包括四片葉片,曝光時(shí)通過前簾、后簾葉片組邊緣形成的曝光狹縫使感光介質(zhì)曝光。對(duì)本文研究的快門,其結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)、驅(qū)動(dòng)彈簧參數(shù)對(duì)快門的運(yùn)動(dòng)特性影響較大,直接決定了快門的曝光時(shí)間、曝光均勻性等性能,本文推導(dǎo)了快門葉片運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)學(xué)模型,快門曝光時(shí)間數(shù)學(xué)模型,并通過仿真分析給出了相機(jī)整個(gè)成像幅面內(nèi)各位置快門曝光時(shí)間分布情況及通光效率,同時(shí),通過Abaqus軟件對(duì)快門葉片進(jìn)行了動(dòng)力學(xué)分析,模擬了快門葉片的運(yùn)動(dòng)過程,對(duì)快門葉片運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)學(xué)模型進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證,分析了快門葉片在運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中的應(yīng)力變化情況,對(duì)葉片的易損部位進(jìn)行了預(yù)測(cè),為快門結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、參數(shù)優(yōu)化、修改完善提供了理論依據(jù)。為分析電磁縱走式焦平面快門曝光過程對(duì)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)傳遞函數(shù)的影響,通過codeV軟件分析了快門曝光過程中成像幅面內(nèi)不同位置光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的靜態(tài)傳函,照度變化,以及快門運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)傳遞函數(shù)的影響,分析表明,快門簾盡可能的靠近像面,增大簾縫式快門的縫寬,提高快門移動(dòng)速度可減小快門運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)傳遞函數(shù)的影響。論文分析了快門簾縫在曝光運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中對(duì)成像畸變的影響,結(jié)合簾縫式快門的工作特點(diǎn),闡述相機(jī)成像畸變是由于像移補(bǔ)償殘差的存在及簾縫式快門分時(shí)曝光成像導(dǎo)致的,推導(dǎo)出相機(jī)在無姿態(tài)角變化時(shí),相機(jī)在垂直、側(cè)傾、前傾三種成像方式下及相機(jī)存在姿態(tài)角時(shí)像面上各點(diǎn)像移補(bǔ)償速度殘差及畸變量數(shù)學(xué)模型,并通過MATLAB仿真給出了在相機(jī)整個(gè)成像幅面內(nèi)各位置像移補(bǔ)償速度殘差分布情況及畸變分布情況。最后,通過快門曝光時(shí)間測(cè)試試驗(yàn)和成像畸變測(cè)試試驗(yàn),對(duì)快門的曝光時(shí)間進(jìn)行測(cè)試,并對(duì)論文分析方法及結(jié)果進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明快門性能指標(biāo)滿足相機(jī)的使用要求。
[Abstract]:The aerial camera shutter, as the main component of controlling the imaging exposure time, is the key factor to determine the imaging quality. With the development of the aerial imaging demand, the shutter technology has been formed with the different requirements of the camera imaging device. Due to the late start of development in China, there is still a big gap compared with foreign countries, especially in the demand of focal plane shutter for planar CCD camera. In fact, focal plane shutter has become a bottleneck restricting the development of plane array CCD camera. The shutter can be divided into objective shutter and focal plane shutter according to the position and motion characteristics of the shutter in the camera optical system. According to the technical requirements of a certain plane array CCD aerial camera, a kind of electromagnetic longitudinal traveling focal plane shutter is developed, which solves the problem of high frequency and large format shutter for large plane array CCD aerial camera. The shutter frequency reaches 3 frames per second, and the shortest exposure time of the shutter is 1 / 500 seconds. The uniformity of exposure is better than that of 10. The shutter has the characteristics of small volume, wide width of 48mm 脳 36mm / m, high frequency and long service life. The shutter has the functions of automatic tightening, automatic release and automatic adjustment of exposure time. The shutter is mainly composed of two groups of blades: front curtain and rear curtain, each group includes four blades. Exposure through the front curtain, rear curtain blade group edge of the exposure slit to expose the photosensitive medium. For the shutter studied in this paper, its structural parameters and drive spring parameters have a great influence on the shutter motion characteristics, which directly determine the shutter exposure time, exposure uniformity and other properties. In this paper, the mathematical model of shutter blade motion is derived. The mathematical model of shutter exposure time is given, and the distribution of shutter exposure time and optical efficiency in every position of the camera is given through simulation analysis. At the same time, the dynamic analysis of shutter blade is carried out by Abaqus software. The movement process of the shutter blade is simulated, the mathematical model of the shutter blade motion is further verified, the stress change of the shutter blade during the movement process is analyzed, the vulnerable position of the shutter blade is predicted, and the shutter structure is designed. Parameter optimization and modification provide theoretical basis. In order to analyze the influence of electromagnetic longitudinal focal plane shutter exposure process on the transfer function of optical system, the static transmission function and illumination change of optical system at different positions in imaging format during shutter exposure are analyzed by codeV software. The effect of shutter motion on the transfer function is analyzed. It is shown that the shutter movement can reduce the effect of shutter motion on the transfer function by increasing the width of the slit shutter and increasing the speed of shutter movement. This paper analyzes the influence of the fast door shutter on the imaging distortion in the course of the exposure movement. Combined with the working characteristics of the shutter, the paper expounds that the imaging distortion of the camera is caused by the residual error of the image compensation and the time-sharing exposure imaging of the shutter. A mathematical model of the velocity residuals and distortion compensation of each point on the camera image plane under the three imaging modes of vertical tilting and forward tilting and when the camera has attitude angle is derived when the camera has no attitude angle. The residual distribution and distortion distribution of the image compensation velocity in the whole imaging area of the camera are given by MATLAB simulation. Finally, the shutter exposure time is tested by the shutter exposure time test and the imaging distortion test, and the analysis method and the results are verified. The test results show that the shutter performance meets the requirements of the camera.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)春理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：V245.6

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