本文選題：氣動光學(xué) + 有限元分析��； 參考：《北京理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在航空航天領(lǐng)域中，科研工作者對速度有著越來越高的要求使得超高聲速飛行器成為近年來的研究熱點(diǎn)之一。高聲速飛行器上的紅外成像制導(dǎo)在現(xiàn)代戰(zhàn)爭中起著舉足輕重的作用。當(dāng)紅外制導(dǎo)的導(dǎo)彈在大氣中高速飛行時(shí),其光學(xué)頭罩表面將受到大氣氣流的影響而產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的氣動光學(xué)效應(yīng)，頭罩周圍的湍流流場以及光學(xué)窗口的受熱變形都將對來自目標(biāo)的光波波前產(chǎn)生動態(tài)擾動,使成像探測器中目標(biāo)圖像發(fā)生偏移、抖動和模糊，，降低光學(xué)頭罩導(dǎo)引頭對目標(biāo)的探測、跟蹤與識別能力。 因此，要想達(dá)到高速飛行器上紅外成像制導(dǎo)的精度要求，就必須對氣動光學(xué)效應(yīng)進(jìn)行控制和校正。氣動光學(xué)效應(yīng)的校正主要是從它的成因入手，如進(jìn)行湍流控制、圖像復(fù)原、頭罩設(shè)計(jì)、致冷以及采用光電方法校正。在光學(xué)窗口外的層流、湍流對光線傳輸?shù)挠绊懛矫嬉延写罅垦芯�，本文針對影響成像光波波前的另一因�? 光學(xué)窗口熱變形導(dǎo)致的波前畸變進(jìn)行了仿真研究，實(shí)時(shí)波前校正的自適應(yīng)光學(xué)技術(shù)是光電校正方法中非常重要的一種，也是本文研究的重點(diǎn)。 同時(shí)，本文還介紹了光學(xué)窗口氣動力及熱流密度的計(jì)算方法以及傳熱學(xué)和彈性力學(xué)中熱和結(jié)構(gòu)的分析方法。通過對光學(xué)窗口的氣動熱輻射效應(yīng)和氣動熱效應(yīng)進(jìn)行深入研究，根據(jù)載荷及邊界條件，利用有限元分析方法對光學(xué)窗口進(jìn)行了熱-結(jié)構(gòu)耦合分析，從而計(jì)算了紅外窗口從導(dǎo)彈發(fā)射到擊中目標(biāo)整個(gè)過程中窗口的溫度場變化及窗口變形。根據(jù)分析結(jié)果，采用光-機(jī)-熱集成的方法計(jì)算在不同角度的光線入射的情況下，由光學(xué)窗口溫度變化引起的窗口變形對成像質(zhì)量的影響。 最后。對基于隨機(jī)并行梯度下降算法的像清晰化自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了仿真研究。在MATLAB環(huán)境下，實(shí)現(xiàn)了SPGD算法；在光學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)軟件ZEMAX中建立了一個(gè)自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)模型，并通過DDE技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)MATLAB與ZEMAX之間的通信。由MATLAB計(jì)算出變形鏡各致動器的電壓并傳送給ZEMAX，ZEMAX根據(jù)收到的電壓調(diào)整變形鏡的形狀，計(jì)算變形鏡形狀改變后的點(diǎn)擴(kuò)散函數(shù)(PSF)數(shù)據(jù)，并傳回給MATLAB進(jìn)行下一步迭代，直至達(dá)到滿足迭代結(jié)束的條件。
[Abstract]:In the field of aeronautics and spaceflight, researchers have higher and higher requirements for speed, so UHV has become one of the research hotspots in recent years. Infrared imaging guidance on hypersonic vehicle plays an important role in modern warfare. When the infrared guided missile is flying at high speed in the atmosphere, the surface of the optical hood will be affected by the atmospheric air flow, which will produce serious aero-optical effects. The turbulent flow field around the hood and the thermal deformation of the optical window will cause dynamic disturbance to the front of the optical wave from the target, which will make the image of the target shift, jitter and blur in the imaging detector, and reduce the detection of the target by the optical hood seeker. Ability to track and identify. Therefore, in order to achieve the accuracy requirements of infrared imaging guidance on high-speed aircraft, the aero-optical effect must be controlled and corrected. The correction of aero-optical effect is mainly based on its causes, such as turbulence control, image restoration, hood design, cooling and photoelectric correction. A lot of researches have been done on the effect of laminar flow and turbulence on the light propagation outside the optical window. In this paper, the wavefront distortion caused by the thermal deformation of the optical window is simulated, which is another factor that affects the wavefront of the imaging light. The adaptive optics technology of real time wavefront correction is one of the most important methods of photoelectric correction, and it is also the focus of this paper. At the same time, the calculation method of aerodynamic force and heat flux of optical window and the analysis method of heat and structure in heat transfer and elastic mechanics are also introduced in this paper. The thermal radiation effect and aerodynamic thermal effect of the optical window are studied in depth. According to the load and boundary conditions, the thermal-structural coupling analysis of the optical window is carried out by using the finite element analysis method. Thus, the temperature field and window deformation of the infrared window during the whole process from missile launching to hitting the target are calculated. According to the analysis results, the influence of window deformation caused by the temperature change of optical window on the imaging quality is calculated by the method of opto-mechanical-thermal integration under the condition of different angles of light incidence. Finally. The image clarity adaptive optical system based on stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm is simulated. The SPGD algorithm is implemented in MATLAB environment, and an adaptive optical system model is established in the optical design software ZEMAX, and the communication between MATLAB and ZEMAX is realized by DDE technology. The voltage of each actuator of the deformable mirror is calculated by MATLAB and transmitted to ZEMAX / ZEMAX according to the received voltage to adjust the shape of the deformable mirror, and the point diffusion function (PSF) data after the shape of the deformable mirror is calculated, and the data is transmitted back to MATLAB for the next iteration. Until the conditions for the end of the iteration are met.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：V448.2;V419

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