本文選題：航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)　切入點(diǎn)：鈦合金　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著新型材料冶金技術(shù)的發(fā)展與進(jìn)步,作為“崛起的第三代金屬”鈦合金已經(jīng)完全替代了鋁鎂合金和鋼構(gòu)件,成為航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上應(yīng)用范圍最廣的合金之一,特別是在低壓壓氣機(jī)單元體、高壓壓氣機(jī)單元體進(jìn)氣部分及風(fēng)扇增壓級(jí)單元體等部分已經(jīng)基本上實(shí)現(xiàn)了全鈦化結(jié)構(gòu)。伴隨著航空技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,近年來,由于薄壁零件具有重量輕、節(jié)約材料、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊等特點(diǎn),在航空行業(yè)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。此外,在航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)過程中,設(shè)計(jì)人員為了提高發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的推重比,在滿足使用安全的前提下,盡可能將零件設(shè)計(jì)成薄壁結(jié)構(gòu)。由于薄壁零件結(jié)構(gòu)的特殊性,其剛度較低,機(jī)械加工過程中受切削力、切削熱以及裝夾等因素的影響下極易產(chǎn)生加工變形。鈦合金導(dǎo)熱性差,導(dǎo)致切削部位的溫度升高較多,刀具磨損加劇致使保證尺寸更加困難,加工后的零件超差或者廢品較多。極大制約了航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中鈦合金薄壁回轉(zhuǎn)件的應(yīng)用范圍和應(yīng)用后的薄壁回轉(zhuǎn)件的優(yōu)質(zhì)交付。本文主要從研究航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)用鈦合金材料的特性及切削特點(diǎn)入手,結(jié)合航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)鈦合金薄壁回轉(zhuǎn)件的加工現(xiàn)狀和特點(diǎn),對(duì)航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)用鈦合金薄壁回轉(zhuǎn)體的車削加工特點(diǎn)及其切削加工性的改善措施進(jìn)行分析,著重改善和優(yōu)化鈦合金薄壁回轉(zhuǎn)件的車削加工工藝路線和工藝方法。根據(jù)航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)鈦合金薄壁回轉(zhuǎn)零件的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)和加工控制要求,結(jié)合鈦合金零件的加工特點(diǎn),借鑒以往零件的加工經(jīng)驗(yàn),制定出鈦合金薄壁回轉(zhuǎn)件的機(jī)械加工工藝路線；再結(jié)合零件自身特點(diǎn),借鑒類似零件加工裝夾方式,設(shè)計(jì)出更合理的裝夾工裝。根據(jù)零件的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),并針對(duì)鈦合金的難加工特性,制定并選擇適合刀具材料、制定刀具方案。并細(xì)化精加工操作工步,優(yōu)化數(shù)控加工走刀路線及加工參數(shù),以減小零件變形,保證設(shè)計(jì)尺寸和技術(shù)條件。因此,對(duì)航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)鈦合金薄壁回轉(zhuǎn)件車加工技術(shù)的研究,對(duì)于提升鈦合金薄壁回轉(zhuǎn)件制造技術(shù)水平,保證零件優(yōu)質(zhì)合格交付具有非常重要的意義。
[Abstract]:With the development and progress of new material metallurgical technology, as a "rising third generation metal" titanium alloy has completely replaced aluminum, magnesium alloy and steel components, and has become one of the most widely used alloys in aero-engine.Especially in the low pressure compressor unit body, the high pressure compressor unit body intake part and the fan pressurized stage unit body and so on part has basically realized the entire titanium structure.With the development of aviation technology, thin-walled parts have been widely used in aviation industry in recent years because of its characteristics of light weight, saving materials and compact structure.In addition, in the process of aero-engine design, in order to improve the ratio of thrust to weight of the engine, the designer designs the parts as thin-walled structure as possible under the premise of satisfying the safety in use.Due to the special structure of thin-walled parts, the stiffness of thin-walled parts is low, and it is easy to produce machining deformation under the influence of cutting force, cutting heat, clamping and other factors in the process of machining.The thermal conductivity of titanium alloy is poor, which leads to the temperature rising in cutting position, the tool wear is more difficult to ensure the dimension, and the parts after machining are too bad or more waste.The application scope of titanium alloy thin-wall rotary parts and the high-quality delivery of thin-walled rotary parts in aero-engine are greatly restricted.In this paper, the characteristics and cutting characteristics of titanium alloy for aero-engine are studied, and the machining status and characteristics of thin-walled rotary parts of titanium alloy for aero-engine are combined.This paper analyzes the turning characteristics of titanium alloy thin-walled rotary body for aero-engine and the improvement measures of its machinability, and emphatically improves and optimizes the turning technology route and process method of titanium alloy thin-wall rotary part.According to the special structure and machining control requirements of the thin wall rotary parts of titanium alloy of aero-engine, combined with the machining characteristics of the parts of titanium alloy, and referring to the machining experience of the former parts, the machining process route of the thin wall rotary parts of titanium alloy was worked out.According to the characteristics of the parts, a more reasonable clamping tool is designed by using the similar parts for reference.According to the structural characteristics of the parts and the difficult processing characteristics of the titanium alloy, the suitable tool materials and cutting tool schemes are formulated and selected.In order to reduce the deformation of the parts and ensure the design dimension and technical conditions, the precision machining operator steps are refined and the cutting path and parameters of NC machining are optimized.Therefore, the research on the machining technology of titanium alloy thin wall rotary parts of aero-engine is of great significance for improving the manufacturing technology level of titanium alloy thin wall rotary parts and ensuring the high quality and qualified delivery of the parts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：V263

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