本文關(guān)鍵詞：飛行器關(guān)鍵構(gòu)件的超聲導(dǎo)波損傷診斷成像方法研究　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 飛行器關(guān)鍵構(gòu)件 超聲導(dǎo)波 損傷診斷成像 大面積薄壁復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu) 管路裂紋

【摘要】：飛行器對效率和安全的追求是永恒的,因而對航空航天飛行器結(jié)構(gòu)的性能要求日益提高,結(jié)構(gòu)趨于大型化和復(fù)合材料化,安全性問題日益突出。利用嵌入式的智能傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò),實時監(jiān)測、診斷和評價結(jié)構(gòu)健康狀況是提高飛行器可靠性、安全性和先進性的重要技術(shù)手段。損傷引起的結(jié)構(gòu)失效是結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測技術(shù)預(yù)防和關(guān)注的重點。與傳統(tǒng)超聲波相比,超聲導(dǎo)波更適合于板狀或管狀飛行器關(guān)鍵構(gòu)件的大面積損傷監(jiān)測,相關(guān)研究受到研究者越來越多的關(guān)注。近幾年來,研究者們在金屬／復(fù)合材料平板和大口徑管狀金屬構(gòu)件上開展了大量超聲導(dǎo)波損傷監(jiān)測研究,發(fā)展了多種能直觀反映損傷位置的診斷成像方法。但由于超聲導(dǎo)波的傳播具有多模態(tài)、頻散等特性,其導(dǎo)波信號處理解釋的難度與結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜度息息相關(guān),目前導(dǎo)波技術(shù)的損傷監(jiān)測效率和精度尚且不足,使得其在大面積薄壁復(fù)雜構(gòu)件和飛行器管路系統(tǒng)等真實飛行器關(guān)鍵構(gòu)件應(yīng)用方面的研究還相對滯后。因此,進一步探索真實飛行器關(guān)鍵構(gòu)件上的超聲導(dǎo)波損傷診斷成像方法有助于推動飛行器結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測的工程應(yīng)用。本文的目的是基于加權(quán)分布診斷成像方法進一步發(fā)展損傷定位和尺寸評估的各項關(guān)鍵技術(shù),提高稀疏傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)的損傷定位精度,探索可用于飛行器復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)的高效率、高精度損傷診斷新策略和新方法。為此,本文從診斷成像的影響因素分析和傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化,飛行器大面積薄壁復(fù)雜構(gòu)件損傷診斷和管路周向裂紋診斷成像技術(shù)等方面開展了深入研究。文章的研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)果主要包括：(1)在加筋肋復(fù)合材料板上,對加權(quán)分布診斷成像不同參數(shù)組合的損傷定位精度進行了研究,結(jié)果表明加權(quán)分布診斷成像中監(jiān)測中心頻率、傳感路徑網(wǎng)絡(luò)和路徑加權(quán)因子會顯著影響損傷定位的精度。為抑制監(jiān)測中心頻率選擇的影響,提出了一種多頻率綜合診斷成像方法,通過融合多頻率的診斷圖像可提高了損傷定位精度和可靠性。分析了傳感路徑網(wǎng)絡(luò)對不同位置損傷的定位結(jié)果,發(fā)現(xiàn)了傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)布設(shè)差異造成的“過度加權(quán)”現(xiàn)象。這種“過度加權(quán)”會造成加權(quán)分布診斷成像的監(jiān)測靈敏度對不同位置損傷存在差異,嚴重時會降低損傷定位精度,甚至產(chǎn)生“偽損傷”誤診。為抑制加權(quán)分布診斷成像的“過度加權(quán)”,提出了基于單位權(quán)值分布函數(shù)的傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化方法。對加權(quán)分布診斷成像相關(guān)影響因素的深入分析也為后續(xù)改進該成像方法奠定了基礎(chǔ)。(2)深入分析了大面積薄壁復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)損傷定量化面臨的挑戰(zhàn),討論了其應(yīng)對策略。提出了一種基于權(quán)值補償?shù)母倪M加權(quán)分布診斷成像方法,在加筋肋復(fù)合材料板上對該方法進行了實驗研究,對比了改進前后的損傷定位結(jié)果,并對診斷成像的相關(guān)參數(shù)進行了分析。提出了一種基于診斷圖像峰值的損傷尺寸評估方法,在加筋肋復(fù)合材料板上對損傷嚴重程度與診斷圖像峰值的關(guān)聯(lián)性進行了研究,得到了兩者的關(guān)聯(lián)模型,依據(jù)模型對不同大小的若干損傷進行測試來驗證方法的有效性。提出了一種多損傷因子綜合評價機制來進一步提高損傷定位的精度和可靠性,最后在復(fù)合材料機身壁板原型結(jié)構(gòu)上對上述方法進行了實驗研究。(3)對超聲導(dǎo)波在飛行器管路中傳播特性進行了分析,結(jié)果表明蘭姆波近似理論對小管徑圓管不再適用。提出了一種可提高飛行器管路焊縫周向裂紋識別能力的超聲導(dǎo)波損傷診斷成像技術(shù),該技術(shù)通過評價傳感器激勵的導(dǎo)波聲場位移圓周分布選擇激勵中心頻率,保證了損傷診斷的準確性。之后通過識別焊縫處周向微小裂紋來驗證該技術(shù)的有效性。結(jié)果表明該技術(shù)可準確識別裂紋的周向位置,在管路焊縫周向裂紋識別中具有巨大潛力。研究成果對于更好的開展飛行器結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測工程應(yīng)用,提高損傷位置識別與尺寸評估的準確性和可靠性,拓展導(dǎo)波技術(shù)應(yīng)用于飛行器不同類型部件等方面具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:The pursuit of efficiency and safety of the aircraft is eternal, so the performance requirements of aerospace vehicle structures increasing, large scale and structure of composite materials tend to be, security issues have become increasingly prominent. The use of real-time monitoring of intelligent sensor network, embedded system, diagnosis and evaluation of the health status is an important technical means to improve vehicle reliability and safety and advanced. The structural damage caused by failure of structure health monitoring technology is the focus of prevention and attention. Compared with the traditional ultrasonic, ultrasonic guided wave damage monitoring of large area is more suitable for the key components of plate shaped or tubular aircraft, related research has been more and more attention of researchers. In recent years, researchers the metal composite plate and large diameter tubular metal components to carry out monitoring of a large number of ultrasonic guide wave damage, a variety of development can reflect the damage location The diagnostic imaging method. But due to the propagation of ultrasonic guided waves with multiple modes, dispersion characteristics, the difficulty and the structure of guide wave signal processing and interpretation complexity is closely related to the efficiency and accuracy of damage monitoring is currently guided wave technology, makes its application in the key components of real aircraft large complex thin-walled components and aircraft pipeline other aspects of the system research is lagging behind. Therefore, to further explore the key components of real aircraft. The ultrasonic guided wave damage diagnostic imaging method is helpful to promote the engineering application of vehicle structural health monitoring. The purpose of this paper is the key technology of the weighted distribution diagnostic imaging method for damage location and size of the further development of the evaluation based on improved damage positioning accuracy sparse sensor networks, can be used to explore the vehicle complex structure and high efficiency, a new strategy and method of high accuracy and damage diagnosis. Therefore, this article from the impact of diagnostic imaging factors analysis and optimization of wireless sensor networks, a large area of aircraft complex thin-walled member damage diagnosis and pipeline circumferential crack diagnostic imaging technology and other aspects to carry out in-depth research. The research contents and results are as follows: (1) in stiffened composite plate, the positioning accuracy of weighted damage the distribution of diagnostic imaging of different parameters were studied, the results showed that the monitoring center frequency weighted distribution diagnostic imaging, sensing network path and path weighted factors can significantly affect the damage location accuracy. In order to suppress the influence of monitoring center frequency selection, presents a multi frequency comprehensive diagnostic imaging method by image fusion, multi frequency diagnosis the injury can improve the positioning accuracy and reliability. The analysis of sensing path network positioning results of different damage location, found the sensor network layout difference Differences caused by "excessive weight" phenomenon. This "over weighted" will cause the monitoring sensitivity weighted distribution diagnostic imaging has different damage in different locations, which will reduce the damage of the positioning accuracy, and even have a "pseudo damage" to suppress the misdiagnosis. The weighted distribution of diagnostic imaging over weighted, proposed sensor network optimization method the unit weight distribution function based on weighted imaging diagnosis. The distribution of in-depth analysis of the factors for the improvement of the imaging method of the foundation. (2) the in-depth analysis of the large complex thin-walled structural damage quantification challenges, discussed its coping strategies. This paper proposed an improved weighted weight compensation distribution diagnosis the imaging method based on the experimental study of this method in stiffened composite plate, the damage location results before and after the improvement of diagnostic imaging and contrast. The related parameters are analyzed. This paper proposed an evaluation method of damage diagnosis based on peak image size, the stiffened composite plate is studied on the relationship between injury severity and diagnostic image peak, the correlation model between them, the validity of the tests to verify some methods based on the damage model of of the same size. A damage factor evaluation mechanism to further improve the damage localization accuracy and reliability, experiments were carried out at the end of this method in the composite fuselage panel prototype structure. (3) to analyze the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic guided waves in the pipeline in the aircraft, results show that Lamb wave approximation the theory of small diameter tube is no longer applicable. A vehicle can improve the pipeline weld circumferential ultrasonic crack detection ability of guided wave damage diagnostic imaging technology, the technology. Evaluation of sensor excitation of guided wave field displacement distribution of circumferential center frequency selective excitation, to ensure the accuracy of diagnosis of injury. After identification of weld circumferential crack to verify the validity of the technique. The results show that the method can accurately identify the crack circumferential position, has great potential to crack identification in pipeline weld week the research results for the development of aircraft structural health monitoring application better, improve the reliability and accuracy of the identification of damage location and size evaluation, has important significance to expand the guided wave technique is applied to different types of aircraft parts.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：V267

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