【摘要】：循環(huán)流化床(CFB)鍋爐以其低污染物排放、較強(qiáng)的煤種適應(yīng)性和灰渣可綜合利用等優(yōu)點受到業(yè)內(nèi)的廣泛推崇。但隨著國家對火電廠污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的不斷提高,循環(huán)流換床鍋爐僅靠燃燒中投放石灰石脫硫已不能達(dá)到國家新的火電廠SO2污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn),因此,在爐內(nèi)石灰石脫硫的基礎(chǔ)上采用鍋爐尾部加裝深度煙氣脫硫裝置是其發(fā)展方向之一。本文以山西某300MW機(jī)組CFB煤矸石電廠結(jié)合自身實際設(shè)計的爐內(nèi)石灰石脫硫+尾部煙氣噴氨增濕活化脫硫的聯(lián)合深度脫硫系統(tǒng)為研究對象,對該裝置內(nèi)噴嘴性能和反應(yīng)段氣液兩相流動特性進(jìn)行研究。本文首先對脫硫裝置中的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備——霧化噴嘴的霧化特性進(jìn)行實驗研究,利用高速動態(tài)攝像儀測量液滴粒徑,得到不同流體壓力下,壓力與流體流量、霧化角、射程、扇形流量分布之間的關(guān)系。其次,在某300MW機(jī)組CFB煤矸石鍋爐的尾部煙道加裝噴氨深度脫硫裝置,并在該鍋爐上開展現(xiàn)場深度脫硫試驗研究。通過改變爐內(nèi)投石灰石量、噴氨量、氨水濃度和噴嘴個數(shù),觀察噴入脫硫劑氨水前后煙道中SO2濃度和飛灰中CaO含量的變化。試驗結(jié)果表明:在爐內(nèi)投運(yùn)石灰石脫硫基礎(chǔ)上,在尾部脫硫劑噴入煙道后,煙氣中的SO2濃度會進(jìn)一步明顯降低,飛灰中CaO的含量減少�，F(xiàn)場試驗結(jié)果驗證了此方法的可行性,脫硫效果明顯,具有較好的推廣價值。最后,以該尾部噴氨深度脫硫裝置為研究對象,建立氣液兩相流動的三維數(shù)學(xué)模型,采用計算流體力學(xué)軟件Fluent對脫硫劑噴入煙道后的氣液兩相流場進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,計算得到煙氣流場、脫硫劑噴入煙道后在流場中的軌跡圖和煙道截面處的濃度分布圖。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對噴嘴位置和噴射角度對氣相流場的影響進(jìn)行優(yōu)化計算,確定噴嘴流量變化時脫硫劑與煙氣混合的最佳方案,計算結(jié)果與試驗數(shù)據(jù)吻合較好。研究結(jié)果為同類型CFB鍋爐的深度脫硫技術(shù)研發(fā)提供參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler is widely praised by the industry for its advantages of low pollutant emission, strong coal adaptability and comprehensive utilization of ash and slag. However, with the continuous improvement of the national emission standards for pollutants in thermal power plants, the circulating flow boiler can not meet the new SO2 emission standard of thermal power plants only by adding limestone desulfurization in combustion. On the basis of limestone desulphurization in furnace, it is one of the developing directions to adopt boiler tail with deep flue gas desulphurization device. In this paper, the combined deep desulphurization system of limestone desulphurization tail gas by ammonia humidification and activation desulfurization is designed by CFB gangue power plant of a certain 300MW unit in Shanxi province combined with its own actual design. The nozzle performance and gas-liquid two-phase flow characteristics in the reactor were studied. In this paper, the atomization characteristics of atomizing nozzle, the key equipment in desulfurization device, are studied experimentally. The droplet size is measured by high speed dynamic camera, and the pressure and fluid flow rate, atomization angle and range are obtained under different fluid pressure. The relationship between the fan flow distribution. Secondly, an ammonia injection deep desulfurization device is added to the tail flue of a CFB gangue boiler of a 300MW unit, and the field deep desulfurization test is carried out on the boiler. By changing the quantity of limestone, ammonia, ammonia and the number of nozzles, the changes of SO2 concentration in flue and CaO content in fly ash were observed before and after injection of ammonia water. The results show that on the basis of limestone desulphurization in furnace, the concentration of SO2 in flue gas will further decrease and the content of CaO in fly ash will decrease after the tail desulfurizer is injected into flue gas. The results of field test proved the feasibility of this method, the desulfurization effect is obvious, and it is worth popularizing. Finally, a three-dimensional mathematical model of gas-liquid two-phase flow is established, and a numerical simulation of gas-liquid two-phase flow field after desulphurizer injection into flue is carried out by using computational fluid dynamics software Fluent. The flow field of flue gas, the trace diagram of flue gas flow field and the concentration distribution at the section of flue were obtained after the desulphurizer was injected into the flue. On this basis, the influence of nozzle position and injection angle on gas flow field is optimized, and the optimum scheme of desulfurizing agent and flue gas mixing when nozzle flow rate changes is determined. The calculated results are in good agreement with experimental data. The results provide a reference for the development of deep desulfurization technology for the same type of CFB boilers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TK229.66

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