本文選題：透平葉片 + 沖蝕特性　； 參考：《上海工程技術(shù)大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：透平在能源、冶金、石油、化工等工業(yè)領域被廣泛應用,而工業(yè)過程中產(chǎn)生的含塵高溫氣體對其葉片的沖蝕,會破壞葉片型線導致其氣動性能下降,并因沖蝕磨損大幅縮短設備的使用壽命。研究多重條件下葉片材質(zhì)的抗沖蝕特性,對提高氣輪機能量轉(zhuǎn)化效率,保障其安全運行問題具有非常現(xiàn)實的意義。材料的抗沖蝕特性研究,主要手段是數(shù)值模擬和實驗研究。目前國內(nèi)外沖蝕實驗平臺尤其是熱態(tài)沖蝕風洞尚不多見,而透平葉片的工作環(huán)境多為高溫煙氣。且現(xiàn)有實驗設備存在氣固混合不均勻、氣流不穩(wěn)定、實驗溫度波動大以及不易精確調(diào)控等缺陷。因此設計新型沖蝕實驗平臺,模擬透平葉片的真實工況,解決上述問題,對葉片沖蝕實驗研究具有重要意義,以此平臺獲取沖蝕實驗數(shù)據(jù)更具說服力,更能促進氣固二相沖蝕研究的開展。本研究主要包括以下內(nèi)容:(1)設計并實現(xiàn)了一種用于實驗研究透平葉片沖蝕成因、沖蝕行為和規(guī)律的中高溫、低馬赫數(shù)(M0.3)、氣固兩相(稀相)負壓風洞實驗系統(tǒng)。系統(tǒng)采用引風機提供負壓環(huán)境,空氣電加熱器對氣流進行可變溫加熱,翅片管式換熱器對二相流降溫,袋式除塵器回收沖蝕顆粒,并使用監(jiān)控PC機通過DIGATTOT串口服務器進行實驗數(shù)據(jù)采集和實驗系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控。重點論述了:系統(tǒng)框架構(gòu)成、顆粒引入方法、最佳沖蝕距離計算、顆粒沖擊速度的估算方法、數(shù)據(jù)采集監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)硬件和軟件設計。經(jīng)測試系統(tǒng)最高溫度可達750℃,氣固兩相流顆粒濃度可調(diào),氣固兩相流體沖蝕速度通過風機流量可變,沖角可在0° 90°任意調(diào)節(jié)。經(jīng)對系統(tǒng)進行溫度、速度穩(wěn)定性測試以及換熱器性能測試表明,實驗參數(shù)穩(wěn)定且易調(diào)節(jié),該實驗臺已經(jīng)達到設計目標。(2)在自行研制的沖蝕實驗平臺上,對1Cr12Mo葉片材質(zhì)進行了抗沖蝕特性實驗研究。氣固兩相固相濃度為0.22~0.29%,顆粒速度為75m/s,實驗溫度為200℃、300℃、400℃,發(fā)現(xiàn)該種材料累積失重與累積沖蝕量均具有高度的線性關(guān)系,不同溫度下最大沖蝕率均出現(xiàn)在沖角20-25°之間,同時1Cr12Mo葉片材質(zhì)在300℃抗沖蝕性優(yōu)于200℃和400℃。(3)分析了兩種實驗誤差成因和抑制方法。a.對于高溫金屬氧化質(zhì)量增加引起的誤差,給出了質(zhì)量修正方法;b.針對小攻角下的沖蝕盲區(qū),根據(jù)試件座設計方案進行了盲區(qū)成因分析,并定量分析推導出盲區(qū)面積計算公式,計算出不同沖角下的補償因子。
[Abstract]:Turbine is widely used in the fields of energy, metallurgy, petroleum, chemical industry and so on. However, the erosion of the blade by the dust-containing high temperature gas produced in the industrial process will destroy the blade profile and lead to the decline of its aerodynamic performance. And because of erosion wear and greatly shorten the service life of the equipment. It is of great practical significance to study the anti-erosion characteristics of blade materials under multiple conditions to improve the energy conversion efficiency of the turbine and to ensure its safe operation. Numerical simulation and experimental study are the main methods to study the erosion resistance of materials. At present, there are few erosion test platforms at home and abroad, especially hot erosion wind tunnel, and the working environment of turbine blade is mostly high temperature flue gas. Moreover, the existing experimental equipment has some defects, such as uneven gas-solid mixing, unstable airflow, large fluctuation of experimental temperature and difficult to adjust accurately. Therefore, it is of great significance to design a new experimental platform for erosion, to simulate the real working conditions of turbine blades, to solve the above problems, and to obtain the experimental data of erosion more persuasively. It can promote the research of gas-solid two-phase erosion. This study mainly includes the following contents: design and implement a wind tunnel experimental system for experimental study of turbine blade erosion cause, erosion behavior and regularity, low Mach number M0.3, gas-solid two-phase (rare-phase) negative pressure wind tunnel. In the system, the negative pressure environment is provided by the induced fan, the air flow is heated by the air heater at variable temperature, the temperature of the two-phase flow is cooled by finned tube heat exchanger, and the erosion particles are recovered by the bag dust collector. And the monitoring PC is used to collect the experimental data and monitor the experiment system through the DIGATTOT serial port server. The structure of the system, the method of particle introduction, the calculation of the best erosion distance, the estimation method of particle impact velocity, the hardware and software design of the data acquisition and monitoring system are discussed in detail. The maximum temperature of the test system can reach 750 鈩，

本文編號：2000345