【摘要】：洪水預(yù)報(bào)工作是水文業(yè)務(wù)的基礎(chǔ)，是水文部門服務(wù)社會(huì)、向社會(huì)公眾發(fā)布水情信息的重要手段，水文部門日常工作需要先進(jìn)的信息技術(shù)作為發(fā)展的動(dòng)力。GIS作為分析和處理海量地理數(shù)據(jù)的先進(jìn)技術(shù)，與水文業(yè)務(wù)特別洪水預(yù)報(bào)工作的結(jié)合是必然趨勢(shì)。 本文主要通過研究GIS在洪水預(yù)報(bào)系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用，結(jié)合前輩們的相關(guān)研究成果，為吉林省水文水資源局洪水預(yù)報(bào)日常工作提供技術(shù)平臺(tái)，是與生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐相結(jié)合的一項(xiàng)研究。 在利用現(xiàn)有的預(yù)報(bào)方法、信息數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)資源前提下，通過搭建了GIS平臺(tái)，在統(tǒng)一的高程系統(tǒng)下，實(shí)現(xiàn)水情信息的地圖顯示、空間查詢、屬性查詢、空間分析、測(cè)量、測(cè)站編輯、地圖輸出、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)關(guān)聯(lián)等功能，進(jìn)行洪水演進(jìn)和淹沒模擬，結(jié)合水利工程情況，模擬洪水傳播過程中河道內(nèi)演進(jìn)和漫灘等情況，開展水利堤防圍堰、水庫(kù)大壩水位等空間演示，把直觀的洪水過程、傳播過程和退水過程展示出來，為防汛會(huì)商決策時(shí)提供數(shù)據(jù)和圖像支持。 通過設(shè)計(jì)洪水預(yù)報(bào)系統(tǒng)，，實(shí)現(xiàn)GIS的預(yù)報(bào)方案生成、預(yù)報(bào)方案查詢、預(yù)報(bào)結(jié)果查詢等功能，跟蹤測(cè)站信息、斷面信息、預(yù)報(bào)水位流量，實(shí)現(xiàn)水文信息查詢檢索、洪水疊加等功能，滿足防汛抗旱實(shí)時(shí)會(huì)商的需要。 通過加強(qiáng)數(shù)據(jù)管理，將已有的洪水預(yù)報(bào)方案整合到一個(gè)預(yù)報(bào)系統(tǒng)中，根據(jù)流域和區(qū)域特點(diǎn)，選擇不同的預(yù)報(bào)方法和模型，開展參數(shù)率定和模型組合，制定洪水預(yù)報(bào)方案，建立了洪水預(yù)報(bào)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。通過用戶管理，實(shí)現(xiàn)多用戶同時(shí)開展洪水預(yù)報(bào)工作。以吉林省行政區(qū)為邊界，選擇石頭口門水庫(kù)作為代表預(yù)報(bào)站，通過信息處理，分多時(shí)段開展數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)報(bào)模擬演算，實(shí)現(xiàn)了不同發(fā)布標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的洪水預(yù)報(bào)功能； 通過本研究，不僅可以提高洪水預(yù)報(bào)水平，還可以縮短預(yù)測(cè)洪水周期，為決策提供及時(shí)的信息。系統(tǒng)建成后，即能夠解決洪水預(yù)報(bào)現(xiàn)存問題，也可以提高利用雨洪資源的水平，為防汛調(diào)度和水資源優(yōu)化配置提供支撐。為保障吉林省糧食安全和生態(tài)文明建設(shè)提供了技術(shù)支持。
[Abstract]:Flood forecasting is the basis of hydrological operations and an important means for hydrological departments to serve society and release hydrological information to the public. The daily work of hydrological department needs advanced information technology as the motive force of development, GIS as the advanced technology of analyzing and processing massive geographic data, and the combination of special flood forecast of hydrological operation is an inevitable trend. This paper mainly studies the application of GIS in flood forecasting system, combining with the related research results of the predecessors, provides a technical platform for the daily work of flood forecasting of Jilin Hydrological and Water Resources Bureau, which is a research combined with production practice. Under the premise of using the existing forecasting methods and information database resources, the GIS platform is built, and under the unified elevation system, the map display, spatial query, attribute query, spatial analysis, measurement, and station editing of hydrologic information are realized. With the functions of map output, database correlation, flood routing and flood simulation, combined with the water conservancy project situation, simulating the river course and flood bank during flood propagation, the spatial demonstration of water conservancy dyke cofferdam and reservoir dam water level is carried out. The intuitionistic flood process, propagation process and water recuperation process are displayed to provide data and image support for flood control consultation and decision making. Through the design of flood forecasting system, the functions of generating forecast scheme, inquiring forecasting scheme, querying forecast result, tracking station information, section information, forecasting water level and discharge, realizing the function of hydrological information query and retrieval, flood superposition and so on are realized. To meet the needs of real-time consultation on flood control and drought-resistance. By strengthening data management, the existing flood forecasting schemes are integrated into a forecasting system. According to the characteristics of river basins and regions, different forecasting methods and models are selected, and parameter rate determination models are combined to formulate flood forecasting schemes. A flood forecast database is established. Through user management, multiple users can carry out flood forecasting at the same time. Taking Jilin province as the boundary, the Shikoumen reservoir is chosen as the representative forecasting station. Through the information processing, the simulation calculation of data forecast is carried out in different time periods, and the flood forecast function of different release standards is realized. Through this study, not only the flood forecast level can be improved, but also the flood forecast period can be shortened, and timely information can be provided for decision-making. After the system is completed, it can not only solve the existing problems of flood forecasting, but also improve the level of utilization of rain and flood resources, and provide support for flood control and optimal allocation of water resources. To ensure food security and ecological civilization in Jilin Province to provide technical support.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P208;P338.6

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