【摘要】：城市化的發(fā)展使得城市暴雨過(guò)程變得十分復(fù)雜、危害程度日益加大,舊有的排水系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)不能滿足城市防洪工程的需要。暴雨造成的城市內(nèi)部積水問(wèn)題,嚴(yán)重影響了人們正常的生產(chǎn)生活,給國(guó)家和人民的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)造成了巨大的損失。 本研究綜合運(yùn)用GIS技術(shù)及PCSWMM模型,系統(tǒng)地分析了嘉定區(qū)富蘊(yùn)路路段暴雨積澇發(fā)生機(jī)理,并通過(guò)數(shù)值運(yùn)算和水文分析相結(jié)合的方法構(gòu)建了研究區(qū)暴雨積澇模型,進(jìn)行了不同雨情下的暴雨積澇動(dòng)態(tài)模擬和空間分析。本文主要研究結(jié)論如下： (1)城市暴雨特征分析 在總結(jié)暴雨徑流模型的研究現(xiàn)狀和應(yīng)用發(fā)展的前提下,參照《排水設(shè)計(jì)》及城市設(shè)計(jì)暴雨的雨強(qiáng)公式,根據(jù)研究區(qū)的區(qū)位、地理環(huán)境,選擇Huff過(guò)程線,設(shè)定雨情為2a、5a、10a和100a四種不同重現(xiàn)期。 (2)GIS精細(xì)化產(chǎn)匯流模型建立 繼承了傳統(tǒng)水文分析確立匯水區(qū)的方法,構(gòu)建了適合建模區(qū)雨洪過(guò)程的精細(xì)化產(chǎn)匯排模型。結(jié)合實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)模型參數(shù)進(jìn)行率定和驗(yàn)證,并通過(guò)模型靈敏度分析來(lái)描述模型對(duì)率定參數(shù)的響應(yīng)程度,從上述兩個(gè)方面提高模型模擬的精度。 (3)基于情景的暴雨徑流過(guò)程模擬 綜合運(yùn)用GIS技術(shù)與PCSWMM模型,以期對(duì)不同重現(xiàn)期下研究區(qū)積澇情況進(jìn)行估計(jì)。暴雨徑流模擬分析從宏觀和微觀兩個(gè)部分進(jìn)行：宏觀方面,按照不同重現(xiàn)期下的降雨強(qiáng)度,闡明各匯水區(qū)地表洪峰流量及總流量、檢查井峰值溢流量及總溢流量、管道滿流時(shí)長(zhǎng)和出水口流量4個(gè)方面；微觀方面,選擇示例管道OF2-J25-OF5,闡明3小時(shí)內(nèi)地表徑流、檢查井深度、管道流量和管徑隨時(shí)間的變化過(guò)程。模擬結(jié)果表明：隨著重現(xiàn)期的增長(zhǎng),管道洪峰流量及總流量增大、溢流時(shí)間提前、溢流持續(xù)時(shí)間增長(zhǎng),隨之帶來(lái)積澇災(zāi)害程度加深。 (4)城市地表積水空間分布及區(qū)劃 借助水量平衡原理,結(jié)合檢查井溢流水量,提出了匯水區(qū)閾值內(nèi)積水深度算法,運(yùn)用MATLAB編程實(shí)現(xiàn)各匯水區(qū)內(nèi)積水高程值計(jì)算。依據(jù)城市暴雨積澇等級(jí)劃分規(guī)則,從網(wǎng)格單元積水深度和兩類指標(biāo)下的淹沒(méi)面積比來(lái)對(duì)淹沒(méi)區(qū)域進(jìn)行積澇風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)劃。結(jié)果表現(xiàn)為以下兩個(gè)方面：從空間分布特征來(lái)看,中南部區(qū)域的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度要高于北部地區(qū)；從時(shí)間分布特征來(lái)看,隨著暴雨重現(xiàn)期的增大,大于25cm淹沒(méi)深度的范圍在增大。 利用上述方法建立了嘉定區(qū)內(nèi)一個(gè)獨(dú)立雨水管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的城市暴雨徑流模型,并結(jié)合城市自然地理要素分析積澇原因和解決對(duì)策。通過(guò)案例證明該技術(shù)方法具有可行性和實(shí)用性,對(duì)城市防洪排澇具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:With the development of urbanization, the process of urban torrential rain has become very complicated, and the degree of damage is increasing. The old drainage system can no longer meet the needs of urban flood control projects. The problem of water accumulation in the city caused by heavy rain has seriously affected the normal production and life of people and caused huge losses to the life and property of the country and people. In this study, the mechanism of rainstorm accumulation and waterlogging in Fuyun Road section of Jiading District is systematically analyzed by using GIS technology and PCSWMM model, and the model of rainstorm accumulation and waterlogging in the study area is constructed by combining numerical calculation with hydrological analysis. The dynamic simulation and spatial analysis of rainstorm accumulation and waterlogging under different rain conditions are carried out. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) based on the summarization of the research status and application development of storm runoff model, the paper makes reference to drainage design and the rainstorm intensity formula of urban design rainstorm. According to the location and geographical environment of the study area, the Huff process line is selected, and the rain conditions are set up as four different recurrence periods of 2a, 5a, 10a and 100a. (2) the model of refined production and confluence of GIS inherits the traditional method of hydrological analysis to establish the catchment area. A refined model of runoff production and discharge is constructed for the rain flood process in the modeling area. Combined with the measured data, the model parameters are determined and verified, and the sensitivity analysis of the model is used to describe the response degree of the model to the rate parameter. The simulation accuracy of the model is improved from the above two aspects. (3) the GIS technique and the PCSWMM model are used in the simulation of rainstorm runoff process based on scenario in order to estimate the accumulation of waterlogging in the study area under different recurrence periods. The simulation analysis of rainstorm runoff is carried out from the macro and micro aspects: from the macro aspect, according to the rainfall intensity in different recurrence periods, the surface discharge and total discharge of Hong Feng in each catchment area are expounded, and the peak overflow and total overflow of wells are checked. In the microscopic aspect, OF2-J25-OF5, is selected to illustrate the variation process of surface runoff, well depth, pipeline flow and pipe diameter with time in 3 hours. The simulation results show that with the increase of the recurrence period, the discharge and total discharge of the pipeline Hong Feng increase, the overflow time advances and the overflow duration increases. With the help of the principle of water balance and the principle of water balance, a method for calculating the depth of water in the catchment area is proposed, which is based on the principle of water balance and combined with the inspection of overflow water in wells. MATLAB programming is used to calculate the elevation of water in each catchment area. According to the classification rules of urban rainstorm accumulation and waterlogging grade, the flood risk zoning of submerged area is carried out according to the depth of water accumulation in grid unit and the ratio of submergence area under two kinds of indexes. The results show the following two aspects: from the spatial distribution characteristics, the risk degree of the central and southern region is higher than that of the northern region, and from the time distribution characteristics, with the increase of the rainstorm recurrence period, the range greater than the depth of 25cm submergence is increasing. The urban rainstorm runoff model of an independent rainwater pipe network system in Jiading district is established by using the above method, and the causes of waterlogging and the countermeasures are analyzed in combination with the urban natural geographical elements. The case shows that the method is feasible and practical, and has certain guiding significance for urban flood control and drainage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P208;TV87

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本文編號(hào)：2210506