GPS海洋水汽信息反演及三維層析研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-28 20:19
【摘要】：海洋是水、汽交換的主要場所,大氣中86%的水汽來源于海洋。連續(xù)、實時、高精度地獲取海洋水汽信息,對準(zhǔn)確地掌握天氣系統(tǒng)的演化非常重要。我國東臨太平洋,太平洋暖濕氣流為我國的東部地區(qū)帶來了大量的水汽及降水,也造成了沿海地區(qū)海洋災(zāi)害的頻繁發(fā)生。因此,加強(qiáng)海洋水汽信息的監(jiān)測方法和應(yīng)用研究,是有效應(yīng)對全球氣候變化的重要手段,也是海洋防災(zāi)減災(zāi)的關(guān)鍵措施。 GPS氣象學(xué)(GPS Meteorology,簡稱GPS/MET)研究為海洋水汽信息反演提供了新的途徑。近20年來,地基GPS氣象學(xué)快速發(fā)展和深入應(yīng)用,國內(nèi)外出現(xiàn)了大量的地基GPS氣象的研究成果和應(yīng)用系統(tǒng),針對陸地穩(wěn)固GPS站的GPS可降水汽(precipitable water vapor, GPS/PWV)反演方法基本成熟和完善,也為海上動態(tài)環(huán)境的GPS水汽監(jiān)測提供了基礎(chǔ)和借鑒。海上缺乏密集、穩(wěn)固的GPS安裝平臺,只能以海洋浮標(biāo)或航行船舶為載體。國外多位學(xué)者分別利用船載或浮標(biāo)GPS數(shù)據(jù),對近海乃至開闊海域上空GPS/PWV信息的反演方法進(jìn)行了一些探索性研究,取得了令人鼓舞的結(jié)果,從而將地基GPS氣象學(xué)的研究與應(yīng)用由陸地推向海洋。GPS海洋水汽遙感一直缺乏系統(tǒng)性研究,海上動態(tài)GPS斜路徑水汽(slant-path water vapor, GPS/SWV)信息提取及海洋上空三維水汽層析是GPS海洋水汽信息反演的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),國內(nèi)外尚無相關(guān)專題研究。因此,海上動態(tài)GPS水汽信息反演研究已成為地基GPS氣象學(xué)研究的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。 本文以渤海為研究區(qū)域,對GPS海洋水汽信息反演和三維水汽層析展開研究,形成了一套基于動態(tài)GPS的海洋水汽信息反演技術(shù)和方法,研制了相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)處理軟件,驗證了本文提出的所有方法及其結(jié)果。利用本文的研究成果,借助海面浮體上的GPS設(shè)備,可以實現(xiàn)海洋水汽信息的連續(xù)和高精度監(jiān)測,以彌補(bǔ)星載或機(jī)載微波遙感、海上探空氣球等方式的不足,為海氣交換研究提供基礎(chǔ)性數(shù)據(jù),也為災(zāi)害性海洋天氣的預(yù)報和預(yù)警服務(wù)。 本文主要研究內(nèi)容和相關(guān)結(jié)論如下： (1)精密單點(diǎn)定位(precise point positioning, PPP)軟件研制和精度分析 基于序貫最小二乘估計方法,利用IGS等提供的精密衛(wèi)星星歷和鐘差產(chǎn)品,作者與香港理工大學(xué)等聯(lián)合研制了精密單點(diǎn)定位軟件UNIP。相對于高精度事后差分處理軟件GrafNavTM解算得到的雙差固定解,在航行狀態(tài)下,UNIP軟件得到的海上船載動態(tài)PPP解在X,Y,Z三個方向的RMS均在±2cm以內(nèi)。因此,基于PPP技術(shù)和UNIP軟件可以實現(xiàn)海上移動平臺的厘米級動態(tài)精密定位,為海上高精度動態(tài)GPS水汽探測提供了良好的平臺。 (2)海上動態(tài)GPS大氣可降水汽(PWV)估計 系統(tǒng)、深入地研究了海上動態(tài)GPS/PWV信息提取方法,導(dǎo)出了其函數(shù)模型和隨機(jī)模型。結(jié)合海洋動態(tài)觀測環(huán)境和海上水汽信息的時空變化,引入隨機(jī)游走過程估計方法,動態(tài)模擬船載GPS接收機(jī)天頂對流層濕延遲(zenith wet delay, ZWD)在時間和空間尺度上的隨機(jī)變化,在濾波處理時附加ZWD參數(shù)的動態(tài)噪聲約束；并對不同噪聲約束及衛(wèi)星截止高度角對海上動態(tài)GPS/PWV信息提取精度的影響進(jìn)行了討論和分析。 基于UNIP軟件平臺,開發(fā)了’GPS/PWV信息提取模塊。利用渤海船載動態(tài)GPS測量和同步氣象觀測數(shù)據(jù),進(jìn)行了海上動態(tài)GPS/PWV信息提取和精度驗證。結(jié)果表明：海上船載動態(tài)GPS/PWVMM5模式積分水汽基本一致;以后者為參考值,GPS/PWV的偏差在3mm以內(nèi),RMS優(yōu)于1.2mm,這一結(jié)果明顯好于國外現(xiàn)有研究結(jié)果。 (3)海上動態(tài)GPS斜路徑水汽含量(SWV)估計 在海上動態(tài)GPS/PWV信息提取的基礎(chǔ)上,本文進(jìn)一步對海上動態(tài)GPS/SWV信息提取進(jìn)行了深入研究。在現(xiàn)有計算方法的基礎(chǔ)上,對海上動態(tài)GPS/SWV的提取算法進(jìn)行改進(jìn),提出了顧及星間單差殘差的GPS/SWV提取方法。 利用渤海船載動態(tài)GPS測量和同步氣象觀測數(shù)據(jù),提取了海上動態(tài)GPS/SWV信息,并對改進(jìn)算法進(jìn)行了數(shù)據(jù)驗證和精度分析。結(jié)果表明：海上動態(tài)GPS/SWV的估算精度可以達(dá)到mm量級,與地基GPS/SWV的估算精度相當(dāng)。相對于MM5模式積分水汽結(jié)果,采用本文提出的SWV提取方法,海上動態(tài)GPS/SWV的偏差在±3.5mm以內(nèi),其RMS為1.2mm,相比傳統(tǒng)的“非差殘差法”,精度提高1mm左右,改善效果較為明顯。 (4) GPS三維水汽層析的算法研究和軟件研制 本文對附加約束條件的水汽層析算法進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)和深入的研究。以附加約束條件的水汽層析方法為基礎(chǔ),采用序貫逐次濾波的數(shù)據(jù)處理手段,引入隨機(jī)游走過程估計方法,在分時段逐次濾波處理中兼顧水汽層析參數(shù)隨時間變化的特性；同時,針對海洋水汽資料相對匱乏的客觀實際,提出和設(shè)計了無先驗信息約束的水汽層析處理模式,使其史加適用于海洋三維水汽場的構(gòu)建。 基于上述算法,作者研制了GPS三維水汽層析軟件3DTom,分別利用香港CORS參考站網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)和無線電探空數(shù)據(jù)、渤海船載動態(tài)GPS觀測數(shù)據(jù)和MM5模式數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了算法驗證和精度分析。結(jié)果表明：①附加低精度先驗信息約束的處理方案的水汽層析結(jié)果相對較差,在水汽分布的主要高度層(1-4km)上均出現(xiàn)了較大的偏差；而附加高精度先驗信息約束的處理方案的水汽層析結(jié)果在三種方案中相對最優(yōu),與探空結(jié)果最為接近。該結(jié)果進(jìn)一步驗證了先驗信息的精度對GPS水汽層析的不同影響,高精度的先驗信息可進(jìn)一步改善GPS水汽層析結(jié)果。②無先驗信息約束的處理方案的水汽層析結(jié)果同樣優(yōu)于低精度先驗信息約束方案,與高精度先驗信息約束方案的解算結(jié)果基本一致。在先驗信息精度較低或缺少先驗信息的情況下,本文提出的無先驗信息約束的GPS水汽層析處理模式同樣取得了較為理想的結(jié)果,具有更大的應(yīng)用價值。 (5)渤海三維水汽場的構(gòu)建方法研究 以渤海為研究區(qū)域,本文對渤海上空GPS三維水汽場的構(gòu)建思路和方法進(jìn)行了深入地探討。利用沿岸地基GPS固定站和海上船載或浮標(biāo)動態(tài)GPS移動觀測平臺,實現(xiàn)對渤海上空水汽的連續(xù)監(jiān)測。以沿岸地基GPS觀測為基礎(chǔ),利用船載動態(tài)GPS觀測進(jìn)行加密,組建“動態(tài)GPS氣象監(jiān)測網(wǎng)”,同時結(jié)合HY-2掃描微波輻射計獲取的柱狀水汽產(chǎn)品,提出了陸、海、空聯(lián)合探測渤海上空水汽空問分布的研究思路和設(shè)計方案。 首次對渤海上空GPS水汽信息反演和三維水汽層析進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究。以渤海局域上空(東經(jīng)120.75。-122.0。,北緯37.5。～38.25。)為試驗區(qū)域,利用沿岸地基GPS觀測和海上船載動態(tài)GPS測量數(shù)據(jù),借助研制的UNIP和3DTom軟件,構(gòu)建了渤海局域上空大氣濕折射率的空間分布。以MM5模式數(shù)據(jù)為參考值,對GPS三維水汽層析結(jié)果進(jìn)行了精度分析。結(jié)果表明：GPS三維水汽層析結(jié)果與MM5估算結(jié)果基本一致,各分層網(wǎng)格單元的均方根差(RMS)均優(yōu)于10mm/km,所有層析網(wǎng)格單元(voxel)大氣濕折射率的RMS優(yōu)于5mm/km,在渤海局域上空稀疏水汽資料條件下,取得了較為理想的結(jié)果。 以環(huán)黃渤海沿岸地基GPS/PWV為參考值,首次對HY-2掃描微波輻射計獲取的柱狀水汽產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行了驗證和精度分析。HY-2柱狀水汽產(chǎn)品與地基GPS/PWV結(jié)果具有良好的一致性,可作為GPS海洋三維水汽層析的一種新的數(shù)據(jù)源。
[Abstract]:Ocean is the main place for water and vapor exchange. 86% of the water vapor in the atmosphere comes from the ocean. It is very important to obtain the information of ocean vapor continuously, real-time and accurately, so as to grasp the evolution of weather system accurately. As marine disasters occur frequently in the region, it is important to strengthen the monitoring methods and applications of marine water vapor information for effective global climate change, and it is also a key measure for marine disaster prevention and mitigation.
The study of GPS Meteorology (GPS/MET) provides a new way for the retrieval of ocean water vapor information. In the past 20 years, ground-based GPS meteorology has developed rapidly and been applied in depth. A large number of research results and application systems of ground-based GPS meteorology have appeared at home and abroad. The GPS precipitable water vapor (G PS/PWV inversion method is basically mature and perfect, and it also provides the basis and reference for GPS water vapor monitoring in the marine dynamic environment. There is a lack of dense and stable GPS installation platform at sea, which can only be carried by ocean buoys or sailing ships. The inversion method has made some exploratory research and obtained encouraging results, thus pushing the research and application of ground-based GPS meteorology from land to ocean. There has been a lack of systematic research on GPS ocean water vapor remote sensing, slant-path water vapor (GPS/SWV) information extraction and three-dimensional water vapor layer over the ocean. Analysis is the key and difficult point of GPS ocean water vapor information inversion, and there is no special topic research at home and abroad.
In this paper, the Bohai Sea is taken as the research area, and the GPS ocean water vapor information inversion and three-dimensional water vapor tomography are studied. A set of inversion techniques and methods of ocean water vapor information based on dynamic GPS are formed, and the relevant data processing software is developed. All the methods and results presented in this paper are verified. GPS equipment on board can realize continuous and high-precision monitoring of ocean water vapor information to compensate for the inadequacy of space-borne or airborne microwave remote sensing, marine sounding balloon and other methods, provide basic data for air-sea exchange research, and also serve for the forecast and early warning of disastrous ocean weather.
The main contents and conclusions are as follows:
(1) software development and accuracy analysis of precise point positioning (PPP).
Based on the sequential least squares estimation method and the precise satellite ephemeris and clock offset products provided by IGS, the author and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University jointly developed the precise single-point positioning software UNIP. Compared with the double-difference fixed solution obtained by the high-precision post-processing software GrafNavTM, the UNIP software obtained the ship-borne under the navigation condition. The dynamic PPP solutions are all within (+2 cm) in X, Y and Z directions. Therefore, centimeter-level dynamic precise positioning of offshore mobile platform can be realized based on PPP technology and UNIP software, which provides a good platform for high-precision dynamic GPS water vapor detection.
(2) estimation of Atmospheric Precipitable vapor (PWV) at sea by dynamic GPS
In this paper, the method of extracting dynamic GPS/PWV information on the sea is studied systematically, and its function model and stochastic model are derived. Combining the dynamic observation environment of the sea and the temporal and spatial variation of water vapor information on the sea, a stochastic walk estimation method is introduced to dynamically simulate the zenith wet delay (ZWD) of the ship-borne GPS receiver. The influence of different noise constraints and satellite cut-off height angles on the accuracy of marine dynamic GPS/PWV information extraction is discussed and analyzed.
Based on UNIP software platform,'GPS/PWV information extraction module is developed. The marine dynamic GPS/PWV information extraction and accuracy verification are carried out by using ship-borne dynamic GPS survey and synchronous meteorological observation data in the Bohai Sea. RMS is superior to 1.2mm, and this result is obviously better than the existing research results abroad.
(3) estimation of water vapor content (SWV) in the dynamic GPS oblique path at sea.
Based on the extraction of marine dynamic GPS/PWV information, this paper further studies the extraction of marine dynamic GPS/SWV information. On the basis of the existing calculation method, the extraction algorithm of marine dynamic GPS/SWV is improved, and a method of GPS/SWV extraction considering inter-satellite single error residuals is proposed.
Based on the ship-borne dynamic GPS survey and synchronous meteorological observation data in the Bohai Sea, the marine dynamic GPS/SWV information is extracted, and the improved algorithm is verified and analyzed. The results show that the estimation accuracy of the marine dynamic GPS/SWV can reach mm magnitude, which is equivalent to that of the base GPS/SWV. With the SWV extraction method proposed in this paper, the offshore dynamic GPS/SWV deviation is within (+3.5mm) and its RMS is 1.2mm. Compared with the traditional "non-error residual method", the precision is improved by about 1mm, and the improvement effect is obvious.
(4) algorithm research and software development of GPS three-dimensional water vapor chromatography.
In this paper, the water vapor tomography algorithm with additional constraints is studied systematically and thoroughly. Based on the water vapor tomography method with additional constraints, the data processing method of sequential successive filtering is adopted, and the random walk process estimation method is introduced. The time-varying characteristics of the water vapor tomography parameters are taken into account in the successive filtering processing of time intervals. At the same time, in view of the fact that the ocean water vapor data are relatively scarce, a new model of water vapor tomography without prior information constraints is proposed and designed to make it more suitable for the construction of three-dimensional ocean water vapor field.
Based on the above algorithm, the author develops a GPS three-dimensional water vapor tomography software 3DTom. The algorithm validation and accuracy analysis are carried out by using CORS reference station network data and radio sounding data in Hong Kong, dynamic GPS data and MM5 model data in Bohai Sea. The results show that: (1) the water vapor layer with additional low-precision prior information constraints is processed. The analysis results are relatively poor, and there are large deviations in the main height layer (1-4km) of water vapor distribution. The results of water vapor tomography with high-precision prior information constraints are relatively optimal among the three schemes, which is most close to the sounding results. The results further verify that the accuracy of prior information is not correct for GPS water vapor tomography. With the same effect, high-precision prior information can further improve the results of GPS water vapor tomography. 2. The results of water vapor tomography with no prior information constraints are also better than those with low-precision prior information constraints, and are basically consistent with those with high-precision prior information constraints. In this case, the proposed GPS water vapor tomography model without prior information constraints also achieves better results and has greater application value.
(5) construction method of three-dimensional water vapor field in Bohai
Taking the Bohai Sea as the research area, the idea and method of constructing three-dimensional water vapor field with GPS over the Bohai Sea are discussed in this paper. The continuous monitoring of water vapor over the Bohai Sea is realized by using the coastal ground-based GPS fixed station and the offshore ship-borne or buoy-borne dynamic GPS mobile observation platform. Based on the coastal ground-based GPS observation, the ship-borne dynamic GPS observation is used. A dynamic GPS meteorological monitoring network is established by encrypting and combining with the columnar water vapor products obtained by HY-2 scanning microwave radiometer, the research idea and design scheme of joint land-sea-air detection of water vapor distribution over the Bohai Sea are put forward.
GPS water vapor information inversion and three-dimensional water vapor tomography over the Bohai Sea are studied systematically for the first time. The local air humidity over the Bohai Sea is constructed by using coastal ground-based GPS observations and ship-borne dynamic GPS measurements with the help of UNIP and 3D Tom software. The results show that the results of GPS three-dimensional water vapor tomography are basically consistent with those of MM5. The RMS of each grid element is better than 10 mm/km. The RMS of all the voxel elements is superior to that of the MM5 elements. At 5mm/km, the ideal results are obtained under the condition of sparse water vapor data over Bohai.
The cylindrical water vapor products obtained by HY-2 scanning microwave radiometer are validated and analyzed for the first time. The results of HY-2 cylindrical water vapor products are in good agreement with those obtained by GPS/PWV. It can be used as a new data source for GPS marine three-dimensional water vapor tomography.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P732;P228.4
本文編號：2210501
[Abstract]:Ocean is the main place for water and vapor exchange. 86% of the water vapor in the atmosphere comes from the ocean. It is very important to obtain the information of ocean vapor continuously, real-time and accurately, so as to grasp the evolution of weather system accurately. As marine disasters occur frequently in the region, it is important to strengthen the monitoring methods and applications of marine water vapor information for effective global climate change, and it is also a key measure for marine disaster prevention and mitigation.
The study of GPS Meteorology (GPS/MET) provides a new way for the retrieval of ocean water vapor information. In the past 20 years, ground-based GPS meteorology has developed rapidly and been applied in depth. A large number of research results and application systems of ground-based GPS meteorology have appeared at home and abroad. The GPS precipitable water vapor (G PS/PWV inversion method is basically mature and perfect, and it also provides the basis and reference for GPS water vapor monitoring in the marine dynamic environment. There is a lack of dense and stable GPS installation platform at sea, which can only be carried by ocean buoys or sailing ships. The inversion method has made some exploratory research and obtained encouraging results, thus pushing the research and application of ground-based GPS meteorology from land to ocean. There has been a lack of systematic research on GPS ocean water vapor remote sensing, slant-path water vapor (GPS/SWV) information extraction and three-dimensional water vapor layer over the ocean. Analysis is the key and difficult point of GPS ocean water vapor information inversion, and there is no special topic research at home and abroad.
In this paper, the Bohai Sea is taken as the research area, and the GPS ocean water vapor information inversion and three-dimensional water vapor tomography are studied. A set of inversion techniques and methods of ocean water vapor information based on dynamic GPS are formed, and the relevant data processing software is developed. All the methods and results presented in this paper are verified. GPS equipment on board can realize continuous and high-precision monitoring of ocean water vapor information to compensate for the inadequacy of space-borne or airborne microwave remote sensing, marine sounding balloon and other methods, provide basic data for air-sea exchange research, and also serve for the forecast and early warning of disastrous ocean weather.
The main contents and conclusions are as follows:
(1) software development and accuracy analysis of precise point positioning (PPP).
Based on the sequential least squares estimation method and the precise satellite ephemeris and clock offset products provided by IGS, the author and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University jointly developed the precise single-point positioning software UNIP. Compared with the double-difference fixed solution obtained by the high-precision post-processing software GrafNavTM, the UNIP software obtained the ship-borne under the navigation condition. The dynamic PPP solutions are all within (+2 cm) in X, Y and Z directions. Therefore, centimeter-level dynamic precise positioning of offshore mobile platform can be realized based on PPP technology and UNIP software, which provides a good platform for high-precision dynamic GPS water vapor detection.
(2) estimation of Atmospheric Precipitable vapor (PWV) at sea by dynamic GPS
In this paper, the method of extracting dynamic GPS/PWV information on the sea is studied systematically, and its function model and stochastic model are derived. Combining the dynamic observation environment of the sea and the temporal and spatial variation of water vapor information on the sea, a stochastic walk estimation method is introduced to dynamically simulate the zenith wet delay (ZWD) of the ship-borne GPS receiver. The influence of different noise constraints and satellite cut-off height angles on the accuracy of marine dynamic GPS/PWV information extraction is discussed and analyzed.
Based on UNIP software platform,'GPS/PWV information extraction module is developed. The marine dynamic GPS/PWV information extraction and accuracy verification are carried out by using ship-borne dynamic GPS survey and synchronous meteorological observation data in the Bohai Sea. RMS is superior to 1.2mm, and this result is obviously better than the existing research results abroad.
(3) estimation of water vapor content (SWV) in the dynamic GPS oblique path at sea.
Based on the extraction of marine dynamic GPS/PWV information, this paper further studies the extraction of marine dynamic GPS/SWV information. On the basis of the existing calculation method, the extraction algorithm of marine dynamic GPS/SWV is improved, and a method of GPS/SWV extraction considering inter-satellite single error residuals is proposed.
Based on the ship-borne dynamic GPS survey and synchronous meteorological observation data in the Bohai Sea, the marine dynamic GPS/SWV information is extracted, and the improved algorithm is verified and analyzed. The results show that the estimation accuracy of the marine dynamic GPS/SWV can reach mm magnitude, which is equivalent to that of the base GPS/SWV. With the SWV extraction method proposed in this paper, the offshore dynamic GPS/SWV deviation is within (+3.5mm) and its RMS is 1.2mm. Compared with the traditional "non-error residual method", the precision is improved by about 1mm, and the improvement effect is obvious.
(4) algorithm research and software development of GPS three-dimensional water vapor chromatography.
In this paper, the water vapor tomography algorithm with additional constraints is studied systematically and thoroughly. Based on the water vapor tomography method with additional constraints, the data processing method of sequential successive filtering is adopted, and the random walk process estimation method is introduced. The time-varying characteristics of the water vapor tomography parameters are taken into account in the successive filtering processing of time intervals. At the same time, in view of the fact that the ocean water vapor data are relatively scarce, a new model of water vapor tomography without prior information constraints is proposed and designed to make it more suitable for the construction of three-dimensional ocean water vapor field.
Based on the above algorithm, the author develops a GPS three-dimensional water vapor tomography software 3DTom. The algorithm validation and accuracy analysis are carried out by using CORS reference station network data and radio sounding data in Hong Kong, dynamic GPS data and MM5 model data in Bohai Sea. The results show that: (1) the water vapor layer with additional low-precision prior information constraints is processed. The analysis results are relatively poor, and there are large deviations in the main height layer (1-4km) of water vapor distribution. The results of water vapor tomography with high-precision prior information constraints are relatively optimal among the three schemes, which is most close to the sounding results. The results further verify that the accuracy of prior information is not correct for GPS water vapor tomography. With the same effect, high-precision prior information can further improve the results of GPS water vapor tomography. 2. The results of water vapor tomography with no prior information constraints are also better than those with low-precision prior information constraints, and are basically consistent with those with high-precision prior information constraints. In this case, the proposed GPS water vapor tomography model without prior information constraints also achieves better results and has greater application value.
(5) construction method of three-dimensional water vapor field in Bohai
Taking the Bohai Sea as the research area, the idea and method of constructing three-dimensional water vapor field with GPS over the Bohai Sea are discussed in this paper. The continuous monitoring of water vapor over the Bohai Sea is realized by using the coastal ground-based GPS fixed station and the offshore ship-borne or buoy-borne dynamic GPS mobile observation platform. Based on the coastal ground-based GPS observation, the ship-borne dynamic GPS observation is used. A dynamic GPS meteorological monitoring network is established by encrypting and combining with the columnar water vapor products obtained by HY-2 scanning microwave radiometer, the research idea and design scheme of joint land-sea-air detection of water vapor distribution over the Bohai Sea are put forward.
GPS water vapor information inversion and three-dimensional water vapor tomography over the Bohai Sea are studied systematically for the first time. The local air humidity over the Bohai Sea is constructed by using coastal ground-based GPS observations and ship-borne dynamic GPS measurements with the help of UNIP and 3D Tom software. The results show that the results of GPS three-dimensional water vapor tomography are basically consistent with those of MM5. The RMS of each grid element is better than 10 mm/km. The RMS of all the voxel elements is superior to that of the MM5 elements. At 5mm/km, the ideal results are obtained under the condition of sparse water vapor data over Bohai.
The cylindrical water vapor products obtained by HY-2 scanning microwave radiometer are validated and analyzed for the first time. The results of HY-2 cylindrical water vapor products are in good agreement with those obtained by GPS/PWV. It can be used as a new data source for GPS marine three-dimensional water vapor tomography.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P732;P228.4
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