【摘要】：耕地是土地資源的精華,耕地問題事關國家糧食安全、社會穩(wěn)定和生態(tài)環(huán)境質量。耕地集約利用是建設節(jié)約型社會的重要內容,是促進經濟社會全面協(xié)調和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的有效措施。湖北省作為中部省份,在國家“中部崛起”政策指導下,當前正處于經濟快速發(fā)展的重要時期,一方面,建設用地大面積增加,耕地面積大幅度下降；另一方面,人口持續(xù)增長和社會經濟的發(fā)展對農產品的需求不斷增大,在耕地后備資源有限的情況下,走內涵挖潛、提高耕地集約化程度成為解決這一矛盾的有效途徑。湖北省作為農業(yè)大省,也是我國重要的糧食主產區(qū)之一,其耕地資源的集約利用將直接影響到全省乃至全國的糧食安全,因此開展湖北省耕地集約利用研究,提高耕地集約利用水平,對于緩解人地矛盾,保障湖北和全國糧食安全,意義重大。 本文以湖北省縣域為研究單元,在收集分析資料的基礎上,構建了基于PSR框架的湖北省耕地集約利用評價指標體系,采用集約度模型計算了耕地集約利用得分,運用Arcgis9.3軟件從時間和空間兩個方面,對耕地集約利用水平時空差異變化進行了測度和評價,并運用Geodata軟件中的空間自相關法進一步分析了耕地集約利用聚集度情況,最后,運用SPSS17.0軟件中的主成分分析法,探討了影響耕地集約利用的驅動力因子,并提出了相應的對策建議。研究結果表明： (1)1995—2010年,湖北省縣域耕地集約利用水平時空差異明顯。從時間分布上看,研究期內,耕地集約利用水平總體呈上升趨勢；從空間差異看,耕地集約利用水平總體呈現(xiàn)出東高西低的分布狀態(tài),集約利用水平高的縣域主要分布在江漢平原地區(qū),該地區(qū)地形平坦,交通便利,經濟發(fā)展水平高；相比江漢平原,鄂西山地地形起伏度大,交通不便,經濟發(fā)展落后,耕地集約利用水平低。 (2)1995—2010年,湖北省縣域耕地集約利用聚集度空間差異顯著,耕地集約利用水平高的縣域主要分布在江漢平原地區(qū),集約利用水平低的縣域主要分布在鄂西山地、丘陵地區(qū)。顯著H-H的縣市有所增加,顯著L-L的縣市個數(shù)減少了1/3,但仍集中分布在鄂西地區(qū)；顯著L-H和H-L的縣市主要集中在鄂西和鄂東南地區(qū)。 (3)1995-2010年,湖北省縣域耕地集約利用影響因素時空變化差異顯著,大部分縣域,壓力指數(shù)總體呈減小趨勢,狀態(tài)指數(shù)和響應指數(shù)均呈現(xiàn)不同程度增加,在PSR框架下,耕地集約利用水平是壓力層、狀態(tài)層和響應層三方面相互協(xié)調的結果,壓力指數(shù)越小,狀態(tài)指數(shù)和響應指數(shù)越大,耕地集約利用水平越高。 (4)影響湖北省縣域耕地集約利用水平的驅動力因子可以歸納為三個方面：社會經濟發(fā)展水平、自然災害和農業(yè)政策,并在此基礎上提出了相關的對策建議,以期因地制宜的提高耕地集約利用水平。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land is the essence of land resources. The problem of cultivated land is related to national food security, social stability and ecological environment quality. Intensive use of cultivated land is an important part of building a conservation-minded society and an effective measure to promote overall economic and social coordination and sustainable development. At present, China is in an important period of rapid economic development. On the one hand, the construction land has increased in large areas, while the cultivated land has declined sharply; on the other hand, the demand for agricultural products has increased continuously with the continuous growth of population and the development of social economy. In the case of limited reserve resources of cultivated land, it is necessary to tap the potential of connotation and improve the degree of cultivated land intensiveness. Hubei Province, as a big agricultural province, is also one of the major grain producing areas in China. The intensive utilization of its cultivated land resources will directly affect the food security of the whole province and even the whole country. Therefore, the study of intensive utilization of cultivated land in Hubei Province should be carried out to improve the level of intensive utilization of cultivated land, to alleviate the contradiction between human and land and to ensure Hubei Province. And national food security is of great significance.
Based on the collection and analysis of data, the evaluation index system of cultivated land intensive use in Hubei Province is constructed. The score of cultivated land intensive use is calculated by using intensive degree model. The spatial and temporal variations of cultivated land intensive use level are analyzed by using Arcgis 9.3 software. This paper measures and evaluates the degree of intensive use of cultivated land, and uses the spatial autocorrelation method in Geodata software to further analyze the degree of aggregation of intensive use of cultivated land. Finally, using the principal component analysis method in SPSS17.0 software, this paper discusses the driving force factors affecting the intensive use of cultivated land, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.
(1) From 1995 to 2010, the intensive utilization level of cultivated land in Hubei Province was obviously different in time and space. In terms of time distribution, the intensive utilization level of cultivated land in the study period showed an upward trend; from the perspective of spatial difference, the intensive utilization level of cultivated land showed a low distribution in the West and east, and the county with high intensive utilization level mainly distributed in Jianghanping. Compared with Jianghan Plain, the mountainous terrain in Western Hubei has great fluctuation, inconvenient transportation, backward economic development and low level of intensive utilization of cultivated land.
(2) From 1995 to 2010, the agglomeration degree of cultivated land intensive use in Hubei Province was significantly different. The counties with high level of cultivated land intensive use were mainly distributed in Jianghan Plain, the counties with low level of intensive use were mainly distributed in mountainous areas and hilly areas of Western Hubei. It is distributed in Western Hubei, and the counties and cities with significant L-H and H-L are mainly concentrated in Western Hubei and Southeast Hubei.
(3) From 1995 to 2010, the spatial and temporal variations of influencing factors of cultivated land intensive use in counties of Hubei Province were significant. In most counties, the pressure index decreased, the state index and the response index increased in varying degrees. The smaller the force index, the greater the state index and response index, the higher the intensive use level of cultivated land.
(4) The driving forces that affect the level of intensive use of cultivated land in counties of Hubei Province can be summarized into three aspects: the level of social and economic development, natural disasters and agricultural policies. On this basis, relevant countermeasures and suggestions are put forward in order to improve the level of intensive use of cultivated land according to local conditions.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F323.211;P208

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