【摘要】：崇義縣所在的贛南地區(qū),是孕育客家民系的搖籃地,客家先民輾轉(zhuǎn)遷徙來到這里,憑借頑強意志,以及從祖地帶來的生產(chǎn)工具和耕作技術(shù),將中原的稻作文化與贛南山丘地形相融合,依山造田、耕耘收獲開辟了崇義客家梯田。本文以江西省崇義縣縣域為遺產(chǎn)地范圍的崇義客家梯田系統(tǒng)為研究區(qū),研究景觀崇義客家梯田系統(tǒng)空間格局。本文以崇義縣土地利用數(shù)據(jù)庫的數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),從景觀生態(tài)學的理論知識出發(fā),在GIS和RS技術(shù)的支持下,首先生成崇義梯田景觀系統(tǒng)的景觀類型圖。通過所選取的景觀指數(shù),對該系統(tǒng)整體景觀格局進行研究。隨后進行分區(qū)景觀比較研究,分析核心區(qū)與非核心區(qū)的景觀格局特征。結(jié)合地形因子分析對景觀格局地形分布特征,可得出以下結(jié)論:(1)利用景觀格局分析軟件Fragstats,對崇義客家梯田系統(tǒng)景觀格局進行分析。結(jié)果表明:從景觀格局組分來看,崇義客家梯田系統(tǒng)以森林景觀為主的優(yōu)勢類型突出。林地景觀內(nèi)部連通性強,受破壞程度低,林地形狀因受人為刻意的改造而表現(xiàn)得較規(guī)整;梯田與普通農(nóng)田景觀類型面積僅次于林地景觀,耕地資源也比較充足,其次為水域和居住用地。說明該區(qū)保存大量的森林,是梯田景觀持續(xù)存在的重要基礎(chǔ),農(nóng)業(yè)活動強烈。居民用地和耕地的斑塊數(shù)量、斑塊密度都比較大,破碎度較大,形狀也比較復雜,居民點多分散分布于林地與耕地之間。這也是山區(qū)梯田景觀在數(shù)據(jù)上的直觀體現(xiàn),突出了梯田區(qū)“森林-竹林-茶園-村莊-梯田-水流”有機分布的特色。而林地斑塊數(shù)目最少,景觀呈現(xiàn)相對破碎和連通度較大的特征。(2)景觀中存在斑塊數(shù)目占斑塊總數(shù)91.19%的斑塊處于5 hm2,說明景觀中存在較多這類小規(guī)模斑塊,但景觀面積的91.24%處于l000hm2的層次上,說明景觀呈現(xiàn)少數(shù)幾個大斑塊集聚分布,又有大量的小斑塊相間分布的相對破碎的格局特征。崇義梯田系統(tǒng)景觀中絕大多數(shù)景觀都與林地的鄰接比例較高,也說明林地作為景觀中的優(yōu)勢類型對整個景觀格局的重要性。(3)核心區(qū)約為非核心區(qū)的1/3,但除了梯田之外,其他景觀類型面積占比都是核心區(qū)小于非核心區(qū),核心區(qū)的耕地以梯田為主。兩個區(qū)中的居住用地、耕地斑塊個數(shù)較多,斑塊密度高,核心區(qū)的林地斑塊的連接性稍強于非核心區(qū),兩個區(qū)具有形成良好的連接性,布局相對聚集;兩個區(qū)的多樣性指數(shù)和均勻度均不高,景觀類型不多樣、分布不均勻。(4)景觀格局地形分布特征:水域、普通農(nóng)田、居民用地、建設(shè)用地、灘涂和園地這幾類景觀的絕大部分都分布在300m以下地帶,它們的比重隨著海拔高度的增加而降低,且集中分布在0-15°的坡度范圍,同時隨著坡度的增加分布逐漸減少,而梯田、林地、采礦用地和草地分布相似,大多分布較高海拔。
[Abstract]:The Gannan region, where Chongyi County is located, is the cradle of Hakka lineage. Hakka ancestors migrated here, relying on their tenacious will, as well as the tools of production and farming techniques brought from their ancestral lands. Combining the rice culture of the Central Plains with the topography of Gannan hills, the cultivation and harvest of the mountain have opened up the Chongyi Hakka terrace. This paper studies the spatial pattern of the landscape Chongyi Hakka terrace system with the county area of Chongyi County in Jiangxi Province as the heritage area. Based on the data of land use database in Chongyi county, based on the theoretical knowledge of landscape ecology and supported by GIS and RS technology, the landscape type map of terrace landscape system in Chongyi county is first generated in this paper. Through the selected landscape index, the overall landscape pattern of the system was studied. Then the landscape pattern of core area and non-core area was analyzed. Based on the terrain factor analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) the landscape pattern of the Hakka terrace system in Chongyi is analyzed by using the landscape pattern analysis software Fragstats,. The results showed that the dominant type of forest landscape was dominant in the echelon system of Chongyi Hakka terrace. The interior connectivity of woodland landscape is strong, the degree of destruction is low, the shape of woodland is more regular because of artificial and deliberate transformation, terrace and common farmland landscape type area is second only to woodland landscape, cultivated land resources are also abundant. The next is the water area and residential land. It shows that the preservation of a large number of forests in this area is an important basis for the sustainable existence of terrace landscape, and the agricultural activities are strong. The number of patches, the density of patches, the degree of fragmentation and the shape of patches in residential land and cultivated land are relatively large, and the residential areas are scattered between woodland and cultivated land. This is also the visual embodiment of terrace landscape in mountainous area, which highlights the organic distribution of "forest-bamboo forest-tea garden-village-terrace-water flow" in terraced area. The number of woodland patches is the least, and the landscape is relatively fragmented and connected. (2) there are 91.19% patches in the landscape, which account for 91.19% of the total, which are in 5 hm2, indicating that there are more such small patches in the landscape. However, 91.24% of the landscape area was located at the level of l000hm2, which indicated that the landscape presented a few large patches, and a large number of small patches distributed in a relatively fragmented pattern. Most of the landscape in Chongyi terrace system is adjacent to woodland, which also shows the importance of forestland as the dominant type of landscape to the whole landscape pattern. (3) the core area is about 1 / 3 of the non-core area, but except terrace, Other landscape types are smaller than non-core areas in the core area, and terrace is the main cultivated land in the core area. In the two areas, the number of cultivated land patches is more, the patch density is high, the connectivity of the woodland patches in the core area is slightly stronger than that in the non-core area, the two areas have good connectivity and the layout is relatively concentrated. The diversity index and evenness of the two regions are not high, the landscape types are not diverse, and the distribution of landscape pattern is uneven. (4) the distribution characteristics of landscape pattern: water area, common farmland, residential land, construction land, Most of the landscape of beach and garden are distributed in the area below 300m, their specific gravity decreases with the increase of altitude, and is concentrated in the range of 0-15 擄slope, and the distribution decreases gradually with the increase of slope, while the terrace field. The distribution of woodland, mining land and grassland are similar, most of them are distributed at high altitude.
【學位授予單位】：江西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P901;P208

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 繆建群;王志強;楊文亭;孫松;黃國勤;;崇義客家梯田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能[J];應(yīng)用生態(tài)學報;2017年05期

2 繆建群;楊文亭;楊濱娟;馬艷芹;黃國勤;;崇義客家梯田區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能及價值評估[J];自然資源學報;2016年11期

3 楊濱娟;鄧麗萍;王禮獻;黃國勤;;江西崇義客家梯田農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)保護的關(guān)鍵問題與途徑[J];農(nóng)學學報;2016年10期

4 鄭文武;劉沛林;周伊萌;何清華;韓青;舒慧勤;;南方稻作梯田區(qū)居民點空間格局及影響因素分析——以湖南省新化縣水車鎮(zhèn)為例[J];經(jīng)濟地理;2016年10期

5 向歡歡;沈世偉;;國內(nèi)梯田旅游研究進展[J];現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè);2016年05期

6 李振民;鄒宏霞;易倩倩;周琴;;梯田農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)旅游資源潛力評估研究[J];經(jīng)濟地理;2015年06期

7 沈潔;趙軍;尚釗儀;;基于空間自回歸模型的景觀格局變化對河網(wǎng)水系連通性影響分析[J];華東師范大學學報(自然科學版);2015年03期

8 ;閩贛湘三處千年古梯田聯(lián)合申報全球重要農(nóng)業(yè)遺產(chǎn)[J];吉林農(nóng)業(yè);2015年08期

9 王龍;宋維峰;楊壽榮;張淼;李陽芳;;廣西龍脊梯田區(qū)森林枯落物水文效應(yīng)研究[J];水土保持研究;2011年06期

10 角媛梅;張丹丹;;全球重要農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn):云南紅河哈尼梯田研究進展與展望[J];云南地理環(huán)境研究;2011年05期

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前2條

1 謝楊;基于GIS城市景觀格局分析及其優(yōu)化對策[D];西北師范大學;2010年

2 劉磊;武漢市土地利用景觀格局研究[D];華中師范大學;2009年

，

本文編號：2208306