【摘要】：條帶拼接區(qū)測(cè)深數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量控制是多波束數(shù)據(jù)處理的重要內(nèi)容,對(duì)提高多波束測(cè)深精度和獲取整體區(qū)域真實(shí)海底地形具有重要意義。本文對(duì)多波束條帶拼接區(qū)測(cè)深數(shù)據(jù)誤差削弱方法進(jìn)行了較為系統(tǒng)和全面的研究分析。內(nèi)容涵蓋:測(cè)深點(diǎn)的歸算理論推導(dǎo)及分布特征的分析、海底地形的最優(yōu)空間構(gòu)建方法的選擇、測(cè)深誤差影響分類及相應(yīng)的處理手段、基于中位參數(shù)的多面函數(shù)抗差估計(jì)自動(dòng)濾波測(cè)深異常值的研究、以及地形頻譜分析的系統(tǒng)性殘余誤差削弱方法研究等。論文的主要內(nèi)容概括如下:⑴推導(dǎo)了海底波束腳印點(diǎn)的歸位計(jì)算過程,從而獲得準(zhǔn)確的測(cè)深點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)。將獲得的測(cè)深點(diǎn)大地坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換為空間直角坐標(biāo),以避免后期以經(jīng)緯度為坐標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)處理時(shí)產(chǎn)生扭曲變形大的問題。此外,分析在不同的信號(hào)發(fā)射模式下,等角和等距波束的分布特征。⑵根據(jù)所得的測(cè)深點(diǎn)空間直角坐標(biāo),采用各類空間內(nèi)插方法來構(gòu)建海底地形,根據(jù)時(shí)間損耗、DEM可視化效果以及殘余誤差各項(xiàng)評(píng)估值等指標(biāo)綜合選取最優(yōu)的內(nèi)插方法。實(shí)例表明:實(shí)際應(yīng)用過程中,海底地形DEM的構(gòu)建要綜合測(cè)區(qū)海底地形復(fù)雜程度和測(cè)深點(diǎn)分布特征來選取自身最優(yōu)方法。⑶對(duì)多波束測(cè)深誤差的影響從不同的層面進(jìn)行分類,并根據(jù)測(cè)量過程中各類型誤差是否共同作用深度值,分析了聲速剖面測(cè)量和姿態(tài)測(cè)量誤差對(duì)條帶拼接的影響。此外,闡述了誤差性質(zhì)類型中異常值和系統(tǒng)誤差的研究方法,為后續(xù)本文處理方法的提出提供指引方向。⑷針對(duì)多項(xiàng)式曲面擬合進(jìn)行測(cè)深濾波不徹底且逼近真實(shí)的海底地形能力有限,以及將最小二乘求得的殘余誤差作為抗差初始值嚴(yán)重干擾抗差性能等問題,本文提出了基于中位參數(shù)的多面函數(shù)抗差估計(jì)法來自動(dòng)濾波測(cè)深異常值。該方法在多面函數(shù)已知節(jié)點(diǎn)的選取上進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),結(jié)合角度-弦高聯(lián)合準(zhǔn)則和點(diǎn)的離散度進(jìn)行抽稀處理,此外,綜合了多元參數(shù)的中位參數(shù)具有很強(qiáng)抗差能力的特性。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:該方法能最大限度和最大效率上提取區(qū)域的特征點(diǎn),DEM效果圖中可以看出基本沒有異常突出的起伏點(diǎn),同時(shí)又保證海底地形連續(xù)變化的特征。⑸盡管一些系統(tǒng)性測(cè)深誤差在數(shù)據(jù)處理中有所改正,但多波束測(cè)深系統(tǒng)自身測(cè)量誤差及其誘導(dǎo)性的殘余誤差依然存在,嚴(yán)重影響測(cè)深的精度,導(dǎo)致條帶拼接區(qū)出現(xiàn)哭笑臉現(xiàn)象。因此,本文提出基于地形頻譜分析的方法來削弱系統(tǒng)性殘余誤差的影響,并與DFT方法進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:采用分區(qū)多條帶分割處理,通過適當(dāng)?shù)南♂尪嗝婧瘮?shù)中已知節(jié)點(diǎn)的間隔,合理地降低擬合精度來達(dá)到快速處理整個(gè)測(cè)區(qū)系統(tǒng)性殘余誤差削弱的目的。相比DFT方法的處理,地形頻譜分析法所處理后的測(cè)深數(shù)據(jù)殘余誤差的削弱影響得到了顯著的提升。
[Abstract]:The quality control of bathymetric data in strip splicing area is an important part of multi-beam data processing. It is of great significance to improve the accuracy of multi-beam bathymetry and to obtain the real seabed topography in the whole area. In this paper, a systematic and comprehensive analysis is made on the method of weakening the sounding data error in the multi-beam band splicing area. The contents include: the derivation of the theory of bathymetric points and the analysis of the distribution characteristics, the selection of the optimal space construction method of the submarine topography, the classification of the influence of sounding errors and the corresponding processing methods, The study of the outliers of multi-plane function robust estimation based on median parameters and the method of systematic residual error weakening in topographic spectrum analysis are also presented in this paper. The main contents of this paper are summarized as follows: 1 deduces the calculation process of the underwater beam footprint point and obtains the accurate bathymetric point coordinates. The geodetic coordinates of the bathymetric points obtained are converted into the spatial rectangular coordinates to avoid the problem of large distortion when the data are processed with latitude and longitude coordinates. In addition, the distribution characteristics of isometric and isometric beams in different signal transmission modes are analyzed. 2. According to the rectangular coordinates of bathymetric points, various spatial interpolation methods are used to construct submarine topography. The optimal interpolation method is selected synthetically according to the visualization effect of time loss Dem and the evaluation value of residual error. The example shows that in the practical application process, the construction of submarine terrain DEM should be based on the complex degree of submarine topography and the distribution characteristics of bathymetric points to select its own optimal method .3 to classify the effect of multi-beam sounding error from different aspects. According to the depth value of different types of errors in the measurement process, the influence of the errors of sound velocity profile measurement and attitude measurement on strip splicing is analyzed. In addition, the research methods of outliers and systematic errors in the nature of errors are described. To provide guidance for the following methods in this paper. 4. The depth filtering for polynomial curved surface fitting is incomplete and the ability to approach the real submarine terrain is limited. Taking the residual error obtained by the least squares as the initial value of robust and seriously disturbing the robust performance, this paper presents a multi-plane function robust estimation method based on median parameters to automatically filter the sounding outliers. This method is improved in the selection of known nodes of multi-plane function, and is thinned by combining the joint angle-chord height criterion and the dispersion of the points. In addition, the characteristics of strong robust ability of the median parameters of the multivariate parameters are synthesized. The experimental results show that the method can extract the feature points of the region to the maximum extent and the maximum efficiency. It can be seen from the Dem effect diagram that there are basically no prominent fluctuation points. At the same time, it ensures that the characteristics of continuous variation of submarine topography. 5. Although some systematic sounding errors have been corrected in data processing, the residual errors of the multi-beam bathymetric system itself and their induced errors still exist, The precision of sounding is seriously affected, which leads to the phenomenon of crying and smiling face in the splicing zone. Therefore, a method based on topographic spectrum analysis is proposed to reduce the influence of systematic residual error and is compared with DFT method. The experimental results show that the system residual error of the whole survey area can be quickly processed by using partition multi-band segmentation and by properly diluting the interval between the known nodes in the multi-plane function and reasonably reducing the fitting accuracy. Compared with the DFT method, the residual error of the bathymetric data processed by the topographic spectrum analysis method is greatly improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P207.1

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