【摘要】：上世紀(jì)90年代初IGS（International GPS Service for Geodynamics）的建立標(biāo)志著GPS（Global Positioning System）應(yīng)用于地球物理研究的開始。 隨著衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)測(cè)量定位精度的提高，全球分布的連續(xù)運(yùn)行臺(tái)站（本論文主要對(duì)IGS臺(tái)站進(jìn)行分析）積累了數(shù)十年的觀測(cè)資料，得到了許多有價(jià)值的認(rèn)識(shí)。 GPS時(shí)間序列中不僅包含著構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)信號(hào)，也包含著非構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)信號(hào)、季節(jié)性信號(hào)等噪聲，夾雜的噪聲影響GPS解的可靠性，對(duì)一些地球物理現(xiàn)象甚至可能做出錯(cuò)誤的解釋。如何高效、快速的剔除這些噪聲，分離非構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)信號(hào)的影響，是GPS坐標(biāo)時(shí)間序列中的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題之一。 本論文主要對(duì)100個(gè)IGS連續(xù)運(yùn)行參考站6年的時(shí)間序數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析。論文的前半部分主要介紹了時(shí)間序列的基本原理與分析方法，同時(shí)對(duì)空間大地測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)后處理軟件GAMIT和QOCA作了詳細(xì)介紹。主要從構(gòu)造信號(hào)、共模誤差（CME）、地表負(fù)荷引起的臺(tái)站位移、臺(tái)站周年運(yùn)動(dòng)展開，對(duì)GPS坐標(biāo)時(shí)間序列中包含的噪聲進(jìn)行分析。通過(guò)采用主成分分析法結(jié)合Karhunen-Loeve expansion的時(shí)空濾波對(duì)坐標(biāo)序列進(jìn)行濾波處理，結(jié)果表明PCA能較好的剔除坐標(biāo)序列中的非構(gòu)造信號(hào)，提高信號(hào)的信噪比；并通過(guò)對(duì)一個(gè)區(qū)域臺(tái)站網(wǎng)進(jìn)行分析，結(jié)果表明GPS坐標(biāo)序列能較好的反映地震孕育過(guò)程（震前形變、同震形變及震后余滑）。 論文的后半部分主要采用功率譜分析的方法對(duì)GPS時(shí)間序列中周期信號(hào)進(jìn)行分析，，發(fā)現(xiàn)GPS坐標(biāo)時(shí)間序列存在倍頻約為1.04cpy的異常周期信號(hào)，并對(duì)其物理來(lái)源進(jìn)行探討。分析得出構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)、共模誤差、地表負(fù)荷等引起的臺(tái)站位移不能對(duì)其作出相應(yīng)的解釋。該異常周期信號(hào)與GPS星座繞太陽(yáng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的軌道重復(fù)周期（GPS年，約315.2天，1.040cpy）相吻合，認(rèn)為該異常周期信號(hào)可能的解釋是源自未模型化的GPS系統(tǒng)誤差。
[Abstract]:The establishment of IGS (International GPS Service for Geodynamics) in the early 1990s marked the beginning of the application of GPS (Global Positioning System) in geophysical research. With the improvement of the positioning accuracy of the satellite positioning system, the continuous operation of the global distribution stations (this paper mainly analyzes the IGS stations) has accumulated decades of observation data. Many valuable understandings have been obtained. The GPS time series contains not only structural motion signals, but also non-tectonic motion signals, seasonal signals and other noises, which affect the reliability of GPS solutions. Some geophysical phenomena may even be misinterpreted. It is one of the key problems in GPS coordinate time series that how to eliminate these noises efficiently and quickly, and how to separate the influence of non-tectonic motion signals. In this paper, the time order data of 100 IGS continuous operation reference stations are analyzed. In the first half of the paper, the basic principle and analysis method of time series are introduced, and the post-processing software GAMIT and QOCA of spatial geodetic data are introduced in detail. The noise contained in the GPS coordinate time series is analyzed mainly from the construction signal, the station displacement caused by the common mode error (CME), surface load and the annual motion expansion of the station. The principal component analysis (PCA) combined with the spatio-temporal filtering of Karhunen-Loeve expansion is used to filter the coordinate sequence. The results show that PCA can eliminate the non-structural signal in the coordinate sequence and improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the signal. Through the analysis of a regional station network, the results show that the GPS coordinate sequence can well reflect the earthquake preparation process (pre-earthquake deformation, co-seismic deformation and aftershock slip). In the second half of this paper, the periodic signal in GPS time series is analyzed by power spectrum analysis method. It is found that there exists abnormal periodic signal in GPS coordinate time series with frequency doubling about 1.04cpy, and its physical source is discussed. It is concluded that the station displacement caused by tectonic movement, common model error and surface load can not be explained. The anomalous periodic signal coincides with the repeated period of orbit around the sun of the GPS constellation (GPS year, about 315.2 days, 1.040cpy). It is considered that the possible explanation of the abnormal periodic signal is derived from the unmodeled GPS system error.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P228.4

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